However, he prevented Louis XIV from sending the usual embassy of obedience to Alexander VII, and, while he lived, he foiled the appointment of a French ambassador to Rome, diplomatic affairs being meantime conducted by cardinal protectors, generally personal enemies of the Pope.

In the meantime Alexander had died in 913 after provoking a war with Bulgaria, and the underage Constantine VII succeeded to the throne.

In the meantime, Alexander VI formed a coalition against Charles, made up of Emperor Maximilian, Venice, Milan and Spain.

In the meantime Alexander I was succeeded by his brother Nicholas I. Profoundly Orthodox and patriotic, the new Tsar disliked the Neoclassicism and Freemasonry of the project selected by his brother.

In the meantime, Alexander had died, being replaced by Cossa himself as John XXIII.

Alexander VI alleged that Caterina signed documents renouncing all of her fiefs, because in the meantime his son Cesare, with the acquisition of Pesaro, Rimini and Faenza, was appointed Duke of Romagna.

Told by Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer that Prime Minister Qarase had assured him that the bill would be amended, Chaudhry said that he would wait and see, and would continue to oppose the bill in the meantime.

In the meantime, he began directing TV commercial advertisements for a small production company called Alexander and Associates.

In the meantime, some of the citizens of Heraclea, who had been driven into exile by their tyrants, applied to Alexander to restore the republican government at Heraclea, but Dionysius, with the assistance of Alexander's sister, Cleopatra of Macedon, contrived to prevent any steps being taken to that effect.

* Alexander, FM Man's Supreme Inheritance, Methuen ( London, 1910 ), revised and enlarged ( New York, 1918 ), later editions 1941, 1946, 1957, Mouritz ( UK, 1996 ), reprinted 2002.

* 1924 – Alexander Haig, American Soldier & Civil servant, 7th Supreme Allied Commander Europe, 5th White House Chief of Staff and 59th United States Secretary of State ( d. 2010 )

Alexander presided over Montgomery's victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein and the advance of the Eighth Army to Tripoli, for which Alexander was elevated to a knight grand cross of the Order of the Bath, and, after the Anglo-American forces from Operation Torch and the Eighth Army converged in Tunisia in February 1943, they were brought under the unified command of a newly-formed 18th Army Group headquarters, commanded by Alexander and reporting to Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean at the Allied Forces Headquarters.

When Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Allied Commander for the planned Normandy Landings he suggested that Alexander become ground forces commander, as he was popular with both British and US officers.

Alexander remained in command of 15th Army Group, as well as its successor, the Allied Armies in Italy, for most of the Italian Campaign, until December 1944, when he relinquished his command to Clark and took over as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces Headquarters, responsible for all military operations in the Mediterranean Theatre.

Targets during this period included Marcus Garvey ; Rose Pastor Stokes and Cyril Briggs ; Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman ; and future Supreme Court justice Felix Frankfurter, whom Hoover maintained was " the most dangerous man in the United States ".

* July 29 – The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR institutes the Order of Suvorov, the Order of Kutuzov, and reinstates the Order of Alexander Nevsky.

* June 25 – Belgium: NATO Supreme Allied Commander Alexander Haig escapes an assassination attempt by the Baader-Meinhof terrorist organization.

Thurmond decried the Supreme Court opinion in Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, which ordered the immediate desegregation of schools in the American South.

* Alexander W. Stow, first Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court.

In 1792 in South Carolina, Alexander Chisholm, the executor of the estate of Robert Farquhar, attempted to sue the state of Georgia in the Supreme Court over payments due him for goods that Farquhar had supplied Georgia during the American Revolutionary War.

Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (, – 7 February 1920 ) was a Russian naval commander, polar explorer and later-the Supreme ruler of the counter-revolutionary anti-communist White forces during the Russian Civil War.

Signature Supreme Ruler Alexander Kolchak

In April 1919, authorities discovered a plot for mailing 36 bombs to prominent members of the U. S. political and economic establishment: J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, U. S. Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer, and immigration officials.

* Alexander Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics, 2nd ed.

The resulting decision, Allain v. Alexander, is sometimes referred to as " Mississippi's Marbury vs. Madison ," after the landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court which delineated the powers of the three branches of the federal government.

Wallace decried the United States Supreme Court binding opinion in Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, which ordered immediate desegregation of Southern schools-he said the new Burger court was " no better than the Warren court " and called the justices " limousine hypocrites.

The headquarters ' new home in Mons, Belgium, was the center of international attention from time to time as new Supreme Allied Commanders came and went, with one of the more notable being General Alexander M. Haig, Jr. Haig, who had retired from military service in order to serve as White House Chief of Staff for President Richard Nixon during the depths of the Watergate crisis, was abruptly installed as SACEUR after Watergate's denouement.

For fifteen years, schools in the South remained segregated, until the Supreme Court's opinion in Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education.

The leading proponents of the nationalistic view included Daniel Webster, Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story, Judge William Alexander Duer, John Quincy Adams, Nathaniel Chipman, and Nathan Dane.

The White Armies did acknowledge a single provisional head of state, the so-called Supreme Governor of Russia, but this post was prominent only under the leadership of Alexander Kolchak.

In 1908, Alexander was declared the Democratic nominee for governor in a bitterly contested nomination process which required intervention by the Idaho Supreme Court.

* 1979 – Soviet dancer Alexander Godunov defects to the United States.

* Alexander Pokryshkin, marshal of the Soviet Air Force

With his help, work of dissident Andrei Sakharov was smuggled to the west, and his Alexander Herzen Foundation published dissident Soviet literature.

It would later be discontinued and then reinstated by the Soviet government in 1942 as the Order of Alexander Nevsky.

Rust's flight through a supposedly impregnable air-defense system had great effect on the Soviet military and led to the firing of many senior officers, including Defence Minister Marshal of the Soviet Union Sergei Sokolov and the head of the Soviet Air Defense, former World War II fighter ace pilot Chief Marshal Alexander Koldunov.

* 1957 – Alexander Tkachyov, Soviet gymnast

It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected the First Secretary of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and continued until 21 August when the Soviet Union and all members of the Warsaw Pact, with the notable exception of Romania, invaded the country to halt the reforms.

In the wake of Alexander Nevskys success, Prokofiev composed his first Soviet opera Semyon Kotko, which was intended to be produced by the director Vsevolod Meyerhold.

The critics of the outside world praised them, but at home, Eisenstein's focus in these films on structural issues such as camera angles, crowd movements, and montage brought him and like-minded others, such as Vsevolod Pudovkin and Alexander Dovzhenko, under fire from the Soviet film community, forcing him to issue public articles of self-criticism and commitments to reform his cinematic visions to conform to the increasingly specific doctrines of socialist realism.

In July 1961 during the Berlin Crisis of 1961 KGB chief Alexander Shelepin sent a memorandum to Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev containing an array of proposals to create a situation in various areas of the world which would favor dispersion of attention and forces by the US and their satellites, and would tie them down during the settlement of the question of a German peace treaty and West Berlin.

* August 7 – Alexander Dityatin, Soviet gymnast

* October 4 – Alexander Tkachyov, Soviet gymnast

* June 1 – Alexander Zakharov, Soviet and Russian deputy scientist and astronomer, IKI

When Alexander Dubček was three, the family moved to the Soviet Union, in part to help build socialism and in part because jobs were scarce in Czechoslovakia.

Soviet judges at Nuremberg, left to right: Alexander Volchkov, Iona Nikitchenko.

At the end of July, the directorate was established and entered in its files cases of all Soviet dissidents including Andrei Sakharov and Alexander Solzhenitsyn.

Many other prominent political dissidents were either kidnapped and forcibly returned to the Soviet Union or were found dead under highly suspicious circumstances, including Alexander Kutepov, General Evgeny Miller, Lev Sedov, and former German Communist Party ( KPD ) member Willi Münzenberg.

* For evidence on Soviet espionage in the United States during the Cold War, see the full text of Alexander Vassiliev's Notebooks from the Cold War International History Project ( CWIHP )

Notable Russian scientists include Dmitri Mendeleev, Nikolay Bogolyubov, Andrei Kolmogorov, Ivan Pavlov, Nikolai Semyonov, Dmitri Ivanenko, Nikolai Lobachevsky, Alexander Lodygin, Alexander Popov ( one of inventors of radio ), Nikolai Zhukovsky, Alexander Prokhorov and Nikolay Basov ( co-inventors of laser ), Georgiy Gamov, Vladimir Zworykin, Lev Pontryagin, Sergei Sobolev, Pavel Yablochkov, Aleksandr Butlerov, Andrei Sakharov, Dmitry Ivanovsky, Sergey Korolyov and Mstislav Keldysh ( creators of the Soviet space program ), Aleksandr Lyapunov, Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, Andrei Tupolev, Yuri Denisyuk ( the first practicable method of holography ), Mikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Vernadsky, Pyotr Kapitsa, Igor Sikorsky, Ludvig Faddeev, Zhores Alferov, Konstantin Novoselov, Fyodor Shcherbatskoy, Nikolai Trubetzkoy etc.

Its participants – Piotr Buchkin, Rudolf Frentz, Alexander Samokhvalov, Isaak Brodsky, Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, Kazimir Malevich, Nikolai Dormidontov, Mikhail Avilov among them – became the founding fathers of the Leningrad school while their works formed one of its richest layers and the basis of the largest museum collections of Soviet painting of the 1930-1950s.