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Alexander of Hales ( c. 1185 — 1245 ) ( also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius ) also called Doctor Irrefragibilis ( by Pope Alexander IV in the Bull De Fontibus Paradisi ) and Theologorum Monarcha was a theologian and philosopher important in the development of Scholasticism and of the Franciscan School.
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Alexander and Hales
Alexander was born at Hales ( today Halesowen, West Midlands ), Shropshire, England between 1180 and 1186.
Among the doctrines which were specially developed and, so to speak, fixed by Alexander of Hales, are the thesaurus supererogationis perfectorum ( treasury of supererogatory merits ) and the character indelibilis ( sacramental character ) of baptism, confirmation, and ordination.
“ Alexander of Hales ,” in The Spiritual Senses: Perceiving God in Western Christianity, edited by Paul L. Gavrilyuk and Sarah Coakley.
* Cullen, Christopher M. “ Alexander of Hales ,” in Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages, edited by Jorge J. E.
“ Distinct Ideas and Perfect Solicitude: Alexander of Hales, Richard Rufus, and Odo Rigaldus .” Franciscan Studies 53 ( 1993 ), 8-13.
“ Accessus ad Alexandrum: the Prefatio to the Postilla in Iohannis Euangelium of Alexander of Hales ( 1186 ?- 1245 ).” Mediaeval Studies 52 ( 1990 ), 1-23.
If Wycliffe was in philosophy the superior of his contemporaries and had no equal in scholastic discipline, he belongs with the series of great scholastic philosophers and theologians in which England in the Middle Ages was so rich – with Alexander of Hales, Roger Bacon, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham ( Occam ), and Thomas Bradwardine.
Hugh of St. Victor and Alexander of Hales alone express doubt, and characterize creationism as the more probable opinion.
The main figures of scholasticism historically are Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Alexander of Hales, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas.
He entered the Franciscan Order in 1243 and studied at the University of Paris, possibly under Alexander of Hales, and certainly under Alexander's successor, John of Rochelle.
Alexander and c
Alexander I ( c. 1078 – 23 April 1124 ), also called Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim ( Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim ) and nicknamed " The Fierce ", was King of the Scots from 1107 to his death.
Alexander Marshack, in a controversial reading, believed that marks on a bone baton ( c. 25, 000 BC ) represented a lunar calendar.
* Cleopatra of Macedon ( c. 356 – 308 BC ), sister of Alexander the Great, daughter of Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus
These hardy tribes had offered stubborn resistance to Alexander ( 326 c BC ) during latter's campaign of the Kabul, Kunar and Swat valleys and had even extracted the praise of the Alexander's historians.
Distilled water has been known since at least c. 200, when Alexander of Aphrodisias described the process.
Also Severus Alexander ( 3rd c. AD ) had an imitation of the Macedonian phalanx of 30, 000 " phalangarii " and with this he won many victories in the Persian wars.
Pope Alexander III ( c. 1100 / 1105 – 30 August 1181 ), born Rolando ( or Orlando ) of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181.
Both Robin and Marian were certainly associated with May Day festivities in England ( as was Friar Tuck ), but these may have been originally two distinct types of performance – Alexander Barclay in his Ship of Fools, writing in c. 1500, refers to " some merry fytte of Maid Marian or else of Robin Hood " – but the characters were brought together.
) to Alexander the Great ( c. 360 BC ) have assumed titles that reflect a filial relationship with deities.
The Greek Hippodamus ( c. 407 BC ) has been dubbed the " Father of City Planning " for his design of Miletus ; Alexander commissioned him to lay out his new city of Alexandria, the grandest example of idealized urban planning of the ancient Mediterranean world, where the city's regularity was facilitated by its level site near a mouth of the Nile.
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