Excepting a few ineffective attempts to revive scythed chariots, and continuing far eastern use, the use of chariots in battle was obsolete in civilized nations by the time of the Persian defeat at the hands of Alexander the Great, but chariots remained in use for ceremonial purposes such as carrying the victorious general in a Roman triumph, or for racing.

While his parents and older siblings left for England in April and May that year, Charles remained in Scotland, with his father's friend and the Lord President of the Court of Session, Alexander Seton, Lord Fyvie, appointed as his guardian.

Though Alexander and his successor, John XXIII, gained widespread support, especially at the cost of the Avignon pope, the schism remained, now involving not two but three claimants: Gregory XII at Rome, Benedict XIII at Avignon and John XXIII.

Thus, Alexander remained in command of the 15th Army Group, and, with the support of numerous allied commanders, controversially authorised the bombing of the historic abbey at Cassino, which resulted in little advance on the German Winter Line defences.

John made no efforts to reinvigorate the Treaty of Falaise, though, and both William and Alexander remained independent kings, supported by, but not owing fealty to, John.

Captain Gustav von Senden-Bibran was appointed as its first head and remained so until 1906, when he was replaced by the long-serving Admiral Georg Alexander von Müller.

At length, however, Honorius was forsaken by the German court and deposed by a council held at Mantua ; Alexander II's position remained unchallenged.

Some remained in politics: Mackenzie Bowell continued to serve as a senator ; R. B. Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the House of Lords ; and a number led Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the Canadian parliament: John A. Macdonald, Arthur Meighen, William Lyon Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as premier ( Mackenzie King twice ); Alexander Mackenzie and John Diefenbaker, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths ; Wilfrid Laurier dying while still in the post ; and Charles Tupper, Louis St. Laurent, and John Turner, each before they returned to private business.

The island remained in the Epirotic alliance until 255 BC when it became independent after the death of Alexander, last King of Epirus.

The marriage negotiations and dowry payments led to the invasion of Scotland and capture of Berwick in 1482 by his uncle Alexander, Duke of Albany and Richard, Duke of Gloucester while James remained at Stirling.

The early editors, beginning with Alexander Pope, simply conflated the two texts, creating the modern version that has remained nearly universal for centuries.

The city remained in Persian hands until 331 BCE, when the soldiers of the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great entered the city.

When, after the death of Alexander, anti-Macedonian feeling forced Aristotle to leave Athens, Theophrastus remained behind as head ( scholarch ) of the peripatetic school, a position he continued to hold after Aristotle's death in 322 / 1.

in physics from Alexander von Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany in 1938, Peterlin accepted in 1939 the chair as a professor of physics at the University of Ljubljana, where he remained for 22 years.

Both efforts proved fruitless, and though Alexander agreed to his grandmother's wishes, he remained respectful of his father's position as immediate successor to the Russian throne.

Alexander remained as producer / executive producer throughout SCTV's run.

According to Historian Alexander Mikaberidze, the French Army remained the finest army of its day by a good margin.

The Common translation, which improved on Alexander Tille's earlier attempt, remained widely accepted until the more critical translations, titled Thus Spoke Zarathustra, separately by R. J. Hollingdale and Walter Kaufmann, which are considered to convey more accurately the German text than the Common version.

During these years Droysen studied classical antiquity ; he published a translation of Aeschylus in 1832 and a paraphrase of Aristophanes ( 1835 – 1838 ), but the work by which he made himself known as a historian was his Geschichte Alexanders des Grossen ( History of Alexander the Great ), ( Berlin, 1833 and other editions ), a book that long remained the best work on Alexander the Great.

One final tribute remained, and it is compelling in its simplicity and in what it reveals about the high esteem in which Hephaestion was held by Alexander.

Stirling remained a centre of royal administration until the death of Alexander III in 1286.

Lee remained in control of the city's defenses until Congress sent him to South Carolina in March, and the job of preparing the defenses was left to General William Alexander ( Lord Stirling ).

In London, where he found safety from Napoleon, he renewed many old ties, and remained in England until 1812, when he was recalled by Alexander.

Alexander the Great, who used runners as message carriers, did not have to worry about having every officer in his command hear what he said and having hundreds of them comment at once.

Interestingly enough, the order transmitted to Morgan through Alexander Hamilton also informed him that `` A party of Indians will join the party to be sent from your command at Whitemarsh, and act with them ''.

Johnston wanted Major, later Lt. Gen., Alexander P. Stewart to command the forts but President Davis appointed Brig.

Both Brooke and Alexander were astonished by the transformation in atmosphere when they visited on 19 August, less than a week after Montgomery had taken command.

On 19 August, Nelson sailed for Naples with Vanguard, Culloden and Alexander, leaving Hood in command of Zealous, Goliath, Swiftsure and the recently joined frigates to watch over French activities at Alexandria.

They decided to replace Auchinleck, appointing XIII Corps commander William Gott to the Eighth Army command and General Sir Harold Alexander as C-in-C Middle East Command.

In response, Army Group Upper Rhine ( Heeresgruppe Oberrhein ) group was formed to engage the advancing U. S. 7th Army ( under command of General Alexander Patch ) and French 1st Army ( led by General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny ) in the Alsace region along the west bank of the Rhine.

Alexander, between 23 and 30 March 1918, had to assume command of the 4th Guards Brigade, during the British retreat.

Alexander returned to Britain in May 1920 as a major, second in command of 1st Battalion Irish Guards ; in May 1922, he was promoted substantive lieutenant-colonel and appointed commanding officer.

Alexander then held staff appointments as ( from January 1931 ) GSO2 in the Directorate of Military Training at the War Office and ( 1932-4 ) GSO1 at HQ Northern Command, York, before being made in October 1934 a temporary brigadier and given command of the Nowshera Brigade, on the Northwest Frontier in India.

Shortly after Bernard Montgomery had been appointed to command II Corps, Alexander was, while still on the beachhead, placed in command of I Corps, and left the beach on the last destroyer on 3 June after ensuring that all British troops had been evacuated.

After Dunkirk Alexander returned to the UK and continued to command I Corps, now guarding the coasts of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.

Alexander presided over Montgomery's victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein and the advance of the Eighth Army to Tripoli, for which Alexander was elevated to a knight grand cross of the Order of the Bath, and, after the Anglo-American forces from Operation Torch and the Eighth Army converged in Tunisia in February 1943, they were brought under the unified command of a newly-formed 18th Army Group headquarters, commanded by Alexander and reporting to Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean at the Allied Forces Headquarters.

The Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered by May 1943, and Alexander's command became the 15th Army Group, which was, under Eisenhower, responsible for mounting in July the Allied invasion of Sicily, again seeing Alexander controlling two armies: Montgomery's Eighth Army and George S. Patton's Seventh United States Army.

Of the problems that subsequently surfaced with Montgomery's command of the British 21st Army Group, Bradley suspected they would not have occurred with Alexander in command.

" Among those included were the previous decrees placing various heliocentric works on the Index ("... which we will should be considered as though it were inserted in these presents, together with all, and singular, the things contained therein ...") and using his Apostolic authority he bound the faithful to its contents ("... and approve with Apostolic authority by the tenor of these presents, and: command and enjoin all persons everywhere to yield this Index a constant and complete obedience ...") Subsequent to Alexander VII's pontificate, the Index underwent a number of revisions.

Far from his supply lines, he faced a larger Austro-Russian army under the command of Mikhail Kutuzov, with the Emperor Alexander I of Russia personally present.

The obsession of the undiscovered continent culminated in the brain of Alexander Dalrymple, the brilliant and erratic hydrographer who was nominated by the Royal Society to command the Transit of Venus expedition to Tahiti in 1769.