The majority of Carlists, however, considered that Alfonso was disqualified because he did not share the Carlist ideals ( and, more importantly, because Spanish law excluded from succession the descendants of those who had committed treason against the king, just as Alfonso's male-line ancestors had done, according to carlists, ever since Infante Francisco de Paula's recognition of Isabella II ), and many regarded his descent as illegitimate, believing that Alfonso XII's biological father was Isabella II's lover Enrique Puigmoltó y Mayans, Captain of the Royal Guard, or even General Francisco Serrano.

His true biological paternity is uncertain, though his legal paternity is not: his mother was married to her ( presumed homosexual ) cousin Francis of Assisi de Borbon, the King Consort of Spain, at the time of Alfonso's conception and birth.

Some theories suggest that Alfonso's biological father might have been either Enrique Puigmoltó y Mayans, Captain of the Royal Guard, or General Francisco Serrano.

It is generally thought that the codices were constructed during Alfonso's lifetime, To perhaps in the 1270s, and T / F and E in the early 1280s up until the time of his death in 1284.

This is the generally given reason for El Cid's exile, although several others are plausible and may have been contributing factors: jealous nobles turning Alfonso against El Cid, Alfonso's own animosity towards El Cid, and an accusation of pocketing some of the tribute from Seville.

It is widely rumored that Lucrezia's brother Cesare was responsible for Alfonso's death, as he had recently allied himself ( through marriage ) with France against Naples.

Alfonso's scientific interests — he is sometimes nicknamed " the Astrologer " ( el Astrólogo )— led him to sponsor the creation of the Alfonsine tables, and the Alphonsus crater on the moon is named after him.

Alfonso's convening of the Cortes is considered by many historians, including Australia's John Keane, to be instrumental to the formation democratic parliaments across Europe.

The titular Jewish woman of the novel is based on Alfonso's historical paramour, Rahel la Fermosa.

In 2007 she is performing the title role to sold out audiences in Lizt Alfonso's dance musical " Vida ", the story of modern Cuba through the eyes and with the memories of an old woman.

Alfonso's apparent indifference to the disaster-vacationing in southern France, he reportedly said that " Chicken meat is cheap " when informed of the disaster-led to a popular backlash against the monarchy.

It is clear that the Aragonese court at Naples introduced the Moorish garden traditions of Andalusia, with its shaded avenues and baths, sophisticated hydraulics that powered splendid waterworks, formal tanks, fishponds and fountains, as a luxurious and secluded setting for court life, and combined them with Roman features: Alfonso's Poggio Reale was built around three sides of an arcaded courtyard with tiers of seating round a sunken centre that could be flooded for water spectacles ; on the fourth side it opened onto a garden that framed a spectacular view of Vesuvius.

The confusion is thought to have stemmed from the fact that Awesome's real surname was Alfonso and the fact that he wrestled in Japan as The Gladiator, a name that Alfonso's real brother Bob Roop also used during his career.

Alfonso's body was provisionally buried in the monastery of San Francisco in Salamanca, which is no longer extant.

Alternately, " Michelotto " ( Miguel de Corella ) is mentioned in Brandolin's description of the death of Lucrezia's second husband as Alfonso's murderer.

El Cid was content to let the Almoravid armies and the armies of Alfonso fight without his help, even when there was a chance that the armies of Almoravid might defeat Alfonso and take over all of Alfonso's lands.

As Alfonso's father was the ruler of the Kingdom of Naples, the young husband was in great danger.

Alfonso's father Jaime disagreed, however, and maintained that his sons were Spanish dynasts with the style of Royal Highness.

When his grandfather died on 28 February 1941, Alfonso's father Jaime succeeded him in this French claim ; Alfonso was thereupon recognised by the legitimists as Dauphin of France.

On 20 March 1975, Alfonso's father Jaime died ; he was immediately recognised by his supporters as King Alphonse II of France.

He provides food and protection for the fugitives, and Guillaume eventually triumphs over Alfonso's father, and wins back from him his kingdom.

This gave Skanderbeg the opportunity to land in Italy and help out Alfonso's son, Ferdinand I of Naples, who had been crowned after his father had died.

Alfonso's son, Sancho IV of Castile, tried to usurp the throne from his father, but the people of Seville remained loyal to their scholar king.

Alfonso's late marriage and his failure to remarry and produce the essential legitimate heir that should have been a dynastic linchpin of his aggressive territorial policies have been adduced as a lack of interest in women.

The will has greatly puzzled historians, who have read it as a bizarre gesture of extreme piety uncharacteristic of Alfonso's character, one that effectively undid his life's work.

The marriage appears to have been orchestrated via the Cluniac connections at Alfonso's court.

Musicians from northern Europe who worked at Ferrara during his reign included Antoine Brumel and Adrian Willaert, the latter of whom was to become the founder of the Venetian School, something which could not have happened without Alfonso's patronage.

Elena Lourie ( 1975 ) suggested instead that it was Alfonso's attempt to neutralize the papacy's interest in a disputed succession — Aragon had been a fief of the Papacy since 1068 — and to fend off Urraca's son from her first marriage, Alfonso VII of Castile, for the Papacy would be bound to press the terms of such a pious testament.

Alfonso's only brother, Ramiro, had been a Benedictine monk since childhood, and his commitment to the church, his temperament and vow of celibacy made him ill-suited to rule a kingdom under constant military threat and in need of a stable line of succession.

In the same year Alfonso's sister, Eleanor of Castile, married Henry's heir to the throne, Edward: with this act Alfonso renounced forever all claim to the Duchy of Gascony, to which Castile had been a pretender since the marriage of Alfonso VIII of Castile with Eleanor of England and Gascony.

Alfonso's cousin, Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena, had also been rebuffed by the king when his daughter Constanza was rejected in favor of the Portuguese princess.

The title Duke of Cadiz was a title used by the Royal House of Spain and had formerly been held by Alfonso's great-great-grandfather the Infante Francisco de Asís.

Given Alfonso's maternal membership in Spain's titled aristocracy ( his mother, María de la Piedad de Yturbe y Scholtz-Hersmendorff, was the Marquesa de Belvís de las Navas, and his paternal kinship to the royal courts of Europe, the hotel quickly proved to be popular with vacationing members of Europe's social elites for its casual but discreet luxury.

Alfonso's children by Aldonza Martínez de Silva ( daughter of Martin Gomez de Silva & Urraca Rodriguez ), later married to Diego Froilaz, Count of Cifuentes:

At the time of King Alfonso's death, Ramiro was outside of Asturias in Castile ( or Bardulia according to the Chronicle of Alfonso III ), where he was attending his own marriage ceremonies.

Edward always honoured his obligations to Alfonso X, but even when Alfonso's need was desperate in the early 1280s, Edward did not send English knights to Castile ; he sent only knights from Gascony, which was closer to Castile.

The shrapnel was removed from Alfonso's abdomen, and he was expected to recover if returned to American lines.

Mauregatus was succeeded by Bermudo, Alfonso's cousin, who abdicated after his defeat at the Battle of the Burbia River.

Alfonso's short reign established the foundations for the final socioeconomic recuperation of Spain after the 1808 – 1874 crisis.

Promptly, the city was made Alfonso's capital.

In the event it was a will that his nobles refused to carry out — instead bringing his brother Ramiro from the monastery to assume royal powers — an eventuality that Lourie suggests was Alfonso's hidden intent.

The nobility of Navarre aligned behind Peter of Atarés, the grandson of Alfonso's illegitimate uncle, while the Aragonese nobility rallied around the abbot-bishop Ramiro.

" The result of the crisis produced by the result of Alfonso I's will was a major reorientation of the peninsula's kingdoms: the separation of Aragon and Navarre, the union of Aragon and Catalonia and — a moot point but stressed particularly by some Castilian historians — the affirmation of ' Castilian hegemony ' in Spain " by the rendering of homage for Zaragoza by Alfonso's eventual heir, Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona.

Dante Alighieri, in the Divine Comedy, recounts that he saw Alfonso's spirit seated outside the gates of Purgatory with the other monarchs whom Dante blamed for the chaotic political state of Europe during the 13th century.

While the other major works that came out of Alfonso's workshops, including histories and other prose texts, were in Castilian, the Cantigas are in Galician-Portuguese, and reflect the popularity in the Castilian court of other poetic corpuses such as the cantigas d ' amigo and cantigas d ' amor.

However, El Cid's unauthorized expedition into Granada greatly angered Alfonso, and May 8, 1080, was the last time El Cid confirmed a document in King Alfonso's court.

El Cid was married in July 1075 to Alfonso's kinswoman Jimena Díaz.

From the time Lucrezia had first arrived in Ferrara as Alfonso's intended bride, Isabella, despite having acted as hostess during the wedding festivities, had regarded Lucrezia as a rival, whom she sought to outdo at every opportunity.

Players rolled seven-sided dice to determine the movement of pieces, an example of Alfonso's preference for the number seven.

The marriage was a short one, lasting from 1498 until Alfonso's murder in 1500.

Giannantonio remained faithful to Alfonso's heir, Ferdinand I, but was killed during a revolt of nobles.

It was not until Alfonso II that the kingdom was firmly established with Alfonso's recognition as king of Asturias by Charlemagne and the Pope.

Alfonso's military strategy was typical of Iberian warfare at the time.