The title character is Meursault, an Algerian (" a citizen of France domiciled in North Africa, a man of the Mediterranean, an homme du midi yet one who hardly partakes of the traditional Mediterranean culture ") who seemingly irrationally kills an Arab man whom he recognises in French Algiers.

However, Ben Badis responded that he, too, had looked to the past and found " that this Algerian nation is not France, cannot be France, and does not want to be France … has its culture, its traditions and its characteristics, good or bad, like every other nation of the earth.

Algerian legend claims that the ancestors of the present Maltese, together with the first Algerians, fled from their original homeland of Aram, with some choosing to settle in Malta and others in North Africa, which would suggest that the prototypical Maltese culture had Aramaean origins.

Here, the term Évolué indicates an Algerian or North African who assimilated closely to French culture through education, government service, language and so on.

Category: Algerian culture

Soon after arriving in Algeria, the French colonial regime set about undermining traditional Muslim Algerian culture.

During the French era, algérianisme was a literary genre with political overtones, born among French Algerian writers who hoped for a common Algerian future culture, uniting French settlers and native Algerians.

Within a generation, most Algerian Jews had come to speak French rather than Arabic or Ladino, and embraced many aspects of French culture.

Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic, Kabyle and French, has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history.

Sartre, who stated in his preface to Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth that, “ To shoot down a European is to kill two birds with one stone, to destroy an oppressor and the man he oppresses at the same time: there remains a dead man and a free man ”, has been criticized by Anderson and Michael Walzer for supporting the killing of European civilians by the FLN during the Algerian War.

Article 16, allowing the president a limited form of rule by decree for a limited period of time in exceptional circumstance, has been used only once, by Charles de Gaulle during the Algerian War, from 23 April to 29 September 1961.

Jacques Vergès ( born 5 March 1925 ) is a French-Vietnamese lawyer who has earned fame continually since the 1950s, first as an anticolonialist communist figure and then for defending a long string of well-known clients from anticolonialist Algerian militant Djamila Bouhired ( his future wife ) in 1957-1962 to former Khmer Rouge head of state Khieu Samphan ( 2008 ).

The Algerian military élite has played a dominating role in Algerian politics ever since independence in 1962, when the army emerged as the only effective powerbroker in a shattered political landscape dominated by weak and competing political factions.

Under Col. Houari Boumediène ( 1965 – 1979 ) state and army leadership was joined under his dominant and highly authoritarian presidency, but after his death, factionalization and rivalries within the military and political élites has been a major factor in Algerian politics.

The Algerian army has also, especially in later years, been highly active along the country's border with northern Mali, where various insurgent movements are based.

His music has many influences, such as punk, rock, French chanson, Iberoamerican salsa, reggae, ska, and Algerian raï.

On the other hand, the Oran massacre of 1962 by the FLN has also not yet been recognized by the Algerian state.

But the geonic practice of not reciting the Kol Nidre was long prevalent ; it has never been adopted in the Catalonian or in the Algerian ritual.

The region's art music has for centuries followed the outline of Arabic and Andalusian classical music: its popular contemporary genres include the Algerian Raï.

Article 16 rule has only been exercised once, in 1961, during a crisis related to the Algerian War in which Charles de Gaulle needed those emergency powers to foil a military plot to take over the government.

The President of France may rule by decree in national emergencies, subject to constitutional and other legal limitations, but this power has been used only once, by Charles de Gaulle in 1961 during the Algerian War.

Algerian music is virtually synonymous with raï among foreigners ; the musical genre has achieved great popularity in France, Spain and other parts of Europe.

Though there has only been one case, that of Ahmed Ressam an Algerian citizen who was in Canada illegally.

He has recently alleged that if the Algerian population has decreased by 875, 000 people between 1830 and 1872, the French military were not responsible for all of them, as a fraction of these deaths could be explained by the grasshopper invasions of 1866 and 1868, as well as by a rigorous winter in 1867 – 68, which caused a famine followed by an epidemic of cholera.

‘ The operation was run by Colonel Souames Mahmoud, alias Habib, head of the secret service at the Algerian embassy in Paris .’ According to Ahmed's theories, ' Joseph's testimony has been corroborated by numerous defectors from the Algerian secret services.

Morrade Hakkar ( born January 19, 1972 in Besançon, France ) is a French middleweight boxer of Algerian descent who has held a number of regional championship belts during his 11-year professional career.

Since 23 March 2007, the Algerian military has conducted extensive searches in the Kabylie region in search of members of the Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb ( QOIM ).

The murder has, unsurprisingly, been subject to significant controversy and a major magnet for Algerian conspiracy theories, with many suggesting that Boudiaf was in fact assassinated by the military establishment responsible for the coup ( and for his installment as HCE chairman ).

God knows what the African nations, who hold 25 per cent of the voting stock in the U.N. were thinking -- they may, for example, have been thinking of the U.S. abstention when the vote on Algerian freedom was before the Assembly -- but I think I have a fairly accurate notion of what the Negroes in the gallery were thinking.

While Spanish and Algerian wines are also known to have been used for this purpose, top Bordeaux châteaux would use Hermitage to improve their wines, especially in weaker vintages.

He halted European migration inland, restricting them to the coastal zone ; moreover, he freed the Algerian rebel leader Abd al Qadir ( who had been promised freedom on surrender but was imprisoned by the previous administration ) and gave him a stipend of 150, 000 francs.

There have been tensions in the relationship in recent years due to criticism of the Algerian government by the Vatican and increasing restrictions imposed on Algerian Catholics.

This meant that once it got dark in Iran ( about 9: 30 a. m. Washington time ), even if the deal had been sealed, the Algerian pilots would not take off until dawn.

* The Jackal may have been partially inspired by an assassin employed by the French SDECE during the Algerian War, known only as " the Killer ," who specialized in killing arms traffickers in creative ways ( including a poison dart fired from a hand-propelled blowgun, and a limpet mine filled with ball bearings ).

From 1950 he had been a consistent opponent of French colonialism, and, by 1954, France was becoming hopelessly embroiled in major colonial conflicts: the First Indochina War and the Algerian War of Independence.

During all periods of Algerian post-colonial history, except for a few years c: a 1990-96, the FLN has been a pillar of the political system, and has primarily been viewed as a " pro-system " party.

Since the breakdown of the single-party system and its detachment from the state structure in c: a 1988-1990, the FLN has been in favor of multi-party democracy, whereas before that, it upheld itself as the only organization representing the Algerian people.

Also strongly present as an ideological influence on the FLN was Algerian Islam, especially of the reformist-nationalist variety espoused by Ben Badis and his group of nationalist ulema.

Still, after independence, the party would in practice assume a strongly modernist interpretation of Islam, supported social transformation of Algerian society, the emancipation of women, etc., and worked only through secular institutions.

During the Algerian Civil War, Ettehadi strongly opposed the Islamists and supported the banning of FIS.

It is worthwhile to remind the reader that during the Algerian revolution ( 1954 – 1962 ), the International Community strongly condemned France for torturing Algerians.