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Algorithms for resolving co-reference tend to have accuracy in the 75 % range ( as with many linguistic tasks, there is a tradeoff between precision and recall ).
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Algorithms and for
Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning.
Algorithms for calculating variance play a major role in statistical computing.
# Donald E. Knuth, Selected Papers on Analysis of Algorithms ( Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information — CSLI Lecture Notes, no.
# Donald E. Knuth, Selected Papers on Design of Algorithms ( Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information — CSLI Lecture Notes, no.
* Paul M. Embree, Damon Danieli: C ++ Algorithms for Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-179144-3
* Richard P. Brent, " Recent Progress and Prospects for Integer Factorisation Algorithms ", Computing and Combinatorics ", 2000, pp. 3-22. download
Algorithms are generally quite specifically tuned to a particular type of file: for example, lossless audio compression programs do not work well on text files, and vice versa.
* Algorithms for the K-server problem
* Algorithms for calculating variance
Algorithms for searching virtual spaces are used in constraint satisfaction problem, where the goal is to find a set of value assignments to certain variables that will satisfy specific mathematical equations and inequations.
Algorithms for these problems include the basic brute-force search ( also called " naïve " or " uninformed " search ), and a variety of heuristics that try to exploit partial knowledge about structure of the space, such as linear relaxation, constraint generation, and constraint propagation.
Algorithms have been developed to ensure the same SMILES is generated for a molecule regardless of the order of atoms in the structure.
* Algorithms for calculating variance
* Michel Raynal: Algorithms for Mutual Exclusion, MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-18119-3
* Goldberg, David E ( 2002 ), The Design of Innovation: Lessons from and for Competent Genetic Algorithms, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
* Schmitt, Lothar M ( 2004 ), Theory of Genetic Algorithms II: models for genetic operators over the string-tensor representation of populations and convergence to global optima for arbitrary fitness function under scaling, Theoretical Computer Science 310: 181 – 231
* James J. Nutaro, Building Software for Simulation: Theory and Algorithms, with Applications in C ++.
Algorithms for cladograms include least squares, neighbor-joining, parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference.
Algorithms based on row or column reduction, that is, Gaussian elimination, presented in introductory linear algebra textbooks and in the preceding sections of this article are not suitable for a practical computation of the null space because of numerical accuracy problems in the presence of rounding errors.
One potential method for determining underpricing is through the use of IPO Underpricing Algorithms.
* Huang, Te-Ming ; Kecman, Vojislav ; and Kopriva, Ivica ( 2006 ); Kernel Based Algorithms for Mining Huge Data Sets, in Supervised, Semi-supervised, and Unsupervised Learning, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 260 pp. 96 illus., Hardcover, ISBN 3-540-31681-7
The following EBNF-like grammar ( for Niklaus Wirth's PL / 0 programming language, from Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs ) is in LL ( 1 ) form:
* Algorithms for finding the solution to a NLLSQ problem require initial values for the parameters, LLSQ does not.
Algorithms and tend
Algorithms that operate on high-dimensional data tend to have a very high time complexity.
It is also used in the Computational Geometry Algorithms Library ( CGAL ) because geometry algorithms tend to ' explode ' when using ordinary floating point CPU math.
Algorithms that seek to predict discrete labels tend to be derived by adding partial supervision to a clustering algorithm.
Algorithms that seek to predict continuous labels tend to be derived by adding partial supervision to a manifold learning algorithm.
Algorithms and have
Algorithms that compute extractor ( and disperser ) graphs have found many applications in computer science.
Algorithms that are much more efficient than trial division have been devised to test the primality of large numbers.
Algorithms may also be trivially modified to have good best-case running time by hard-coding solutions to a finite set of inputs, making the measure almost meaningless.
Algorithms that are asymptotically faster than those of Bareiss and Levinson have been described in the literature.
Algorithms have been designed so that the calculations done in a preceding time step can be reused in the current time step, resulting in faster algorithms.
Algorithms vary by model from each manufacturer but only a few algorithms have been developed, for example the Bühlmann decompression algorithm.
Algorithms ( or, at the very least, formal sets of rules ) have been used to compose music for centuries ; the procedures used to plot voice-leading in Western counterpoint, for example, can often be reduced to algorithmic determinacy.
* Algorithms ( competition length about 2 hours ): Competitors are given a set ( usually three ) of algorithmic problems and have 75 minutes to correctly solve as many as they can.
Algorithms for finding solutions to the stable marriage problem have applications in a variety of real-world situations, perhaps the best known of these being in the assignment of graduating medical students to their first hospital appointments.
Algorithms for computing minimum spanning trees have been intensively studied ; it is known how to solve the problem in linear randomized expected time in a comparison model of computation, or in linear time in a model of computation in which the edge weights are small integers and bitwise operations are allowed on their binary representations.
Algorithms with linear speedup and algorithms running on a single processor have an efficiency of 1, while many difficult-to-parallelize algorithms have efficiency such as that approaches zero as the number of processors increases.
Algorithms and 75
* Senzig, Don, Calculator Algorithms, IEEE Compcon Reader Digest, IEEE Catalog No. 75 CH 0920-9C, pp139 – 141, IEEE, 1975.
Algorithms and range
* Algorithms – Sequential and parallel computational procedures for solving a wide range of problems.
Algorithms and with
1900 ); and in his 1st edition of Astronomical Algorithms based on the ELP2000-85 ( the 2nd edition uses ELP2000-82 with improved expressions from Chapront et al.
* Genetic Algorithms Computer programs that " evolve " in ways that resemble natural selection can solve complex problems even their creators do not fully understand An excellent introduction to GA by John Holland and with an application to the Prisoner's Dilemma
* " Demystifying Genetic Algorithms " Tutorial on how Genetic Algorithms work, with examples.
* Introduction to Genetic Algorithms with interactive Java applets.
Algorithms to deal with long-range force include:
In late 2006, the book Discovering Mathematics with Magma was published by Springer as volume 19 of the Algorithms and Computations in Mathematics series.
( 1999 ), " Stability of fast algorithms for structured linear systems ", Fast Reliable Algorithms for Matrices with Structure ( editors — T.
One such creative solution deployed dozens of 2200 systems and was developed in conjunction with Hawaii-and Hong Kong-based firm, Algorithms, Inc.
* Open Source Java Graph package with Bellman-Ford Algorithms
In computer science, Algorithms for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics, or ARIES is a recovery algorithm designed to work with a no-force, steal database approach ; it is used by IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server and many other database systems.
Algorithms with running time n lb n are sometimes called linearithmic.
GAP ( Groups, Algorithms and Programming ) is a computer algebra system for computational discrete algebra with particular emphasis on computational group theory.
Algorithms which use context-free grammars often rely on some variant of the CKY algorithm, usually with some heuristic to prune away unlikely analyses to save time.
* Amar L., Barak A., Drezner Z. and Peer I., Gossip Algorithms for Maintaining a Distributed Bulletin Board with Guaranteed Age Properties.
Algorithms for finding strongly connected components may be used to solve 2-satisfiability problems ( systems of Boolean variables with constraints on the values of pairs of variables ): as showed, a 2-satisfiability instance is unsatisfiable if and only if there is a variable v such that v and its complement are both contained in the same strongly connected component of the implication graph of the instance.
* BALL ( Biochemical Algorithms Library ), a versatile set of C ++ classes for molecular modelling, together with BALLView, a graphical interface
* Evolutionary Algorithms Demos – There are some applets with Evolution Strategies and Genetic Algorithms that the user can manipulate to solve problems.
Algorithms appear to be based on linear feedback shift registers, perhaps with some non-linear elements thrown in to make them more difficult to cryptanalyze.
The course curriculum spreading over six semesters ( 3 years ) includes courses in Computer Science as well as Management and Mathematics with a number of electives like Client Server Computing, Compiler Design, Multimedia Systems, Advanced Computer Networks, Parallel and Distributed Algorithms etc.
* Ant Algorithms for discrete optimization with Gianni Di Caro and Luca Maria Gambardella, Artificial Life, Vol.
„ Algorithms for Future Technologies “) with partners from EU, and also has two research grants from the Slovak Grant Agency.
In his Book of Algorithms on Practical Arithmetic, John of Seville provides one the earliest known descriptions of Indian positional notation, whose introduction to Europe is usually associated with the book Liber Abaci by Fibonacci:
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