In the great mixed invasion of 406, the Alemanni appear to have crossed the Rhine river a final time, conquering and then settling what is today Alsace and a large part of the Swiss Plateau.

Today, Alemannic is a linguistic term, referring to Alemannic German, encompassing the dialects of the southern two thirds of Baden-Württemberg ( German State ), in western Bavaria ( German State ), in Vorarlberg ( Austrian State ), Swiss German in Switzerland and the Alsatian language of the Alsace ( France ).

The Count of Mérode-Westerloo, commander of the Flemish troops in Tallard's army wrote – " One thing is certain: we delayed our march from Alsace for far too long and quite inexplicably.

The apéritif varies from region to region: Pastis is popular in the south of France, Crémant d ' Alsace in the eastern region.

To enforce that model, both sides have divergent language policy and educational systems, although the linguistic boundary is in fact well inside France, and the Alsace region changed hands four times between 1870 and 1945.

The Electoral Palatinate was a much larger territory than what later became known as the Rhenish Palatinate ( Rheinpfalz ), on the left bank of the Rhine, and is now the modern region of the Palatinate in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate and parts of the French region of Alsace ( bailiwick of Seltz from 1418 to 1766 ).

Alsace ( ; Alsatian: Elsàss ; German: ), pre-1996: Elsaß ; ) is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area ( 8, 280 km² ), and the smallest in metropolitan France.

Alsace is located on France's eastern border and on the west bank of the upper Rhine adjacent to Germany and Switzerland.

The political, economic and cultural capital as well as largest city of Alsace is Strasbourg.

Because that city is the seat of dozens of international organizations and bodies, Alsace is politically one of the most important regions in the European Union.

An alternative explanation is from a Germanic Ell-sass, meaning " seated on the Ill ", a river in Alsace.

Alsace is frequently mentioned with Lorraine, because German possession of parts of these two régions ( as the imperial province Alsace-Lorraine, 1871 – 1918 ) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries ; France and Germany exchanged control of Alsace four times in 75 years.

The historical language of Alsace is Alsatian, similar to German dialects spoken across the Rhine, but today practically all Alsatians speak French, the official language of France.

The treaty stipulations regarding Alsace were Byzantine and confusing ; it is thought that this was purposely so that neither the French king nor the German emperor could gain tight control, but that one would play off the other, thereby assuring Alsace some measure of autonomy.

Thus, it is not surprising that people left Alsace, not only for Paris – where the Alsatian community grew in numbers, with famous members such as Baron Haussmann – but also for more distant places like Russia and the Austrian Empire, to take advantage of the new opportunities offered there: Austria had conquered lands in Eastern Europe from the Ottoman Empire and offered generous terms to colonists as a way of consolidating its hold on the new territories.

Saverne (, ; Alsatian: Zawere ; ( German: )) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.

The relic of the Holy Blood, which was brought to the city after the Second Crusade by Thierry of Alsace, is paraded every year through the streets of the city.

Alsatian ( Alsatian and ( literally Alsatian-German ); ; or Elsässerdeutsch ) is a Low Alemannic German dialect spoken in most of Alsace, a region in eastern France which has passed between French and German control many times.

It is often confused with Lorraine Franconian, a more distantly related Franconian dialect spoken in the far north-east of Alsace and in neighboring Lorraine.

The first document mentioning the existence of this community is the town charter granted by Mathieu d ' Alsace in 1181 to Gerard de Guelders, Count of Boulogne ; Calais became part of the county of Boulogne.

It is the more populous and densely populated of the two departments of the Alsace region, with 1, 079, 013 inhabitants in 2006.

While the language and the culture are influenced by the German, the name, Arbogast and the location of Alsace are French.

Long disputed, the predominantly German-speaking region of Alsace or Elsaß was annexed by Germany in 1871 ; after World War I, it was reintegrated into France.

He envisaged instruments in which the French late-romantic full-organ sound should work integrally with the English and German romantic reed pipes, and with the classical Alsace Silbermann organ resources and baroque flue pipes, all in registers regulated ( by stops ) to access distinct voices in fugue or counterpoint capable of combination without loss of distinctness: different voices singing together in the same music.

First mentioned by the Romans in 213, the Alamanni captured the Agri Decumates in 260, and later expanded into present-day Alsace, and northern Switzerland, establishing the German language in those regions.

Ammianus relates ( xvii. 1. 11 ) that much later the Emperor Julian undertook a punitive expedition against the Alemanni, who by then were in Alsace, and crossed the Main ( Latin Menus ), entering the forest, where the trails were blocked by felled trees.

Marlborough skillfully encouraged this apprehension by constructing bridges across the Rhine at Philippsburg, a ruse that not only encouraged Villeroi to come to Tallard's aid in the defence of Alsace, but one that ensured the French plan to march on Vienna remained paralysed by uncertainty.

Knowing Marlborough's destination, Tallard and Villeroi met at Landau in Alsace on 13 June to rapidly construct an action plan to save Bavaria, but the rigidity of the French command system was such that any variations from the original plan had to be sanctioned by Versailles.

In Alsace, Marshal Villars took Baden by surprise and captured Haguenau, driving him back across the Rhine in some disorder, thus creating a threat on Landau.

In response, Army Group Upper Rhine ( Heeresgruppe Oberrhein ) group was formed to engage the advancing U. S. 7th Army ( under command of General Alexander Patch ) and French 1st Army ( led by General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny ) in the Alsace region along the west bank of the Rhine.

The Alsace capital of Strasbourg was liberated by Leclerc's French troops on 23 November 1944.

After being awarded the prize he tried to escape the media by hiding in the house of Simone's sister Hélène de Beauvoir in Goxwiller, Alsace.

Landau was later occupied by the French from 1680 to 1815, when it was one of the Décapole, the ten free cities of Alsace, and received its modern fortifications by Louis XIV's military architect Vauban in 1688 – 99, making the little city ( population in 1789 was still only approximately 5, 000 ) one of Europe's strongest citadels.

After 1871 Masurians who expressed sympathy for Poland were deemed " national traitors " by German nationalists ( this increased especially after 1918 ) According to Stefan Berger after 1871 the Masurians in the German Empire were seen in a view that while acknowledging their " objective " Polishness ( in terms of culture and language ) they felt " subjectively " German and thus should be tightly integrated into German nation-state ; to Berger this argument went directly against the German nationalist demands in Alsace where Alsatians were declared German despite their " subjective " choice.

On the Rhine, an Imperial army under Louis of Baden captured Landau in September, but the threat to Alsace was relieved by the entrance of the Elector of Bavaria into the war on the French side.

Albert, by the grace of God king of the Romans, duke of Austria and Styria, lord of Carniola, over the Wendish Mark and of Port Naon, count of Habsburg and Kyburg, landgrave of Alsace

As part of the settlement, the territory of Alsace and part of Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of Germany, and it remained so until the end of World War I when it was returned to France in the Treaty of Versailles.

Bismarck's demand for the return of Alsace caused a dramatic shift in that sentiment in Italy, which was best exemplified by the reaction of Garibaldi soon after the revolution in Paris, who told the Movimento of Genoa on 7 September 1870 that " Yesterday I said to you: war to the death to Bonaparte.

In prehistoric times, Alsace was inhabited by nomadic hunters, but by 1500 BC, Celts began to settle in Alsace, clearing and cultivating the land.

Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts.

Dagobert created a new duchy ( the later Duchy of Alsace ) in southwest Austrasia to guard the region from Burgundian or Alemannic encroachments and ambitions.

It remained a part of Alemannia throughout the Early Middle Ages and was a buffer zone between the central Alemannic lands and Alsace, which was less strongly colonised by the Alemanni.

Standard German is used in writing, and orally in formal contexts, throughout the Alemannic-speaking regions ( with the exception of Alsace and Switzerland ), and Alemannic varieties are generally considered German dialects ( more precisely, a dialect group within Upper German ) rather than separate languages.

** Upper-Rhine Alemannic in Southwestern Baden and its variant Alsatian ( in Alsace, France )

Rappen ) originally was a variant of the medieval Pfennig (" penny ") common to the Alemannic German regions Alsace, Sundgau and Northern Switzerland.

* 378, Invasion of Alsace by Alemanni, Battle of Argentovaria, Extermination of Alemannic Lentienses, Alemannic King Priarius dies in battle.

It is popular throughout the Alemannic German speaking area of Europe ( German-speaking Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Alsace part of France, Vorarlberg province of Austria, South-Western Germany ( Baden-Wuerttemberg land ) and beyond in Romansh-speaking Graubünden and in French-speaking Suisse romande of Switzerland as well as German-speaking South Tyrol in Italy.