According to Kenneth S. Rogoff, " Although the development of international capital markets was quite limited prior to 1800, we nevertheless catalog the numerous defaults of France, Portugal, Prussia, Spain, and the early Italian city-states.

Although there has been an old tradition and like for making census in Spain, the oldest ones dating back to the 12th century ( by Alfonso VII of the Kingdom of Castile ), the first modern census was carried out in 1768 by Conde de Aranda, under the reign of Carlos III.

Although his work has been criticized for the lack of candor in checking the " facts ", some of his text has been confirmed by recent research, like the spectacular remains of Roman gold mines in Spain, especially at Las Medulas, which Pliny probably saw in operation while a Procurator there a few years before he compiled the encyclopedia.

Although colloquially and literarily the expression " King of Spain " or " King of the Spains " was already widespread, and the two crowns were ruled by the same monarch, they retained their individual institutions and identity until 1812, with the enactment of the Spanish Constitution of 1812.

Although the juntas, that had forced the French to leave Spain, had sworn by the liberal Constitution of 1812, Ferdinand VII openly believed that it was too liberal for the country.

Although Haiti actively assisted the independence movements of many Latin American countries – and secured a promise from the great liberator, Simón Bolívar, that he would free their slaves after winning independence from Spain – the nation of former slaves was excluded from the hemisphere's first regional meeting of independent nations, held in Panama in 1826.

Although England was an ally of Spain, one of France's principal enemies, the war was mostly about Henry's desire for personal glory, regardless of the fact that his sister Mary was married to the French king Louis XII.

Although it was an accepted part of Hadrian's personal history that he was born in Spain, his biography in Augustan History states that he was born in Rome on 24 January AD 76, of a family originally Italian, but which had lived in Spain for many generations.

Although he was initially successful in starving out Britain, Portugal refused to capitulate, leading to the Peninsular War throughout Spain.

Although Spain was America ’ s ally in the Revolution, they didn ’ t want the Americans to settle on their land or territory.

Although his writings on Jewish law and ethics were met with acclaim and gratitude from most Jews even as far off as Spain, Iraq and Yemen, and he rose to be the revered head of the Jewish community in Egypt, there were also vociferous critics of some of his rulings and other writings particularly in Spain.

Although Magellan himself died in the Philippines in 1521, Spanish navigator Juan Sebastian Elcano led the expedition back to Spain across the Indian Ocean and round the Cape of Good Hope, completing the first world circumnavigation in 1522.

Although the United States gained control of Guam and the Philippines from Spain in 1898, Japan controlled most of the western Pacific by 1914 and occupied many other islands during World War II.

Although raised in his uncle's Catholic court in Spain, Rudolf was tolerant of Protestantism and other religions including Judaism.

There are a lot of tapas contest and competitions all around Spain, Although there is only one National Tapas competiton which celebrates every year in November.

Although the IFC's shareholders initially only allowed it to make loans, the IFC was authorized in 1961 to make equity investments, the first of which was made in 1962 by taking a stake in FEMSA, a former manufacturer of auto parts in Spain that is now part of Bosch Spain.

Although European colonists, beginning with the Spanish, initially enslaved natives, the Dominican priest Bartolomé de las Casas helped convince the Spanish government to enact the first European law abolishing colonial slavery in 1542 ; Spain weakened these laws by 1545.

Although the French secured control of Spain and its colonies for a grandson of Louis XIV, the Austrians also ended up making significant gains in Western Europe, including the former Spanish Netherlands ( now called the Austrian Netherlands, including most of modern Belgium ), the Duchy of Milan in Northern Italy, and Naples and Sardinia in Southern Italy.

Although the consumption of hake and other fish has declined in Spain during the last decade, hake still accounts for about 1 / 3 of the total fish consumed in Spain.

( see also Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies ) Although Spain claimed the entire Caribbean, they settled only the larger islands of Hispaniola ( 1493 ), Puerto Rico ( 1508 ), Jamaica ( 1509 ), Cuba ( 1511 ), and Trinidad ( 1530 ), although the Spanish made an exception in the case of the small ' pearl islands ' of Cubagua and Margarita off the Venezuelan coast because of their valuable pearl beds which were worked extensively between 1508 and1530.

Although considered an excellent navigator, Columbus wrecked the Santa María during the initial voyage of 1492, the flagship of his fleet ; he proved a poor administrator and was stripped of the governorship in 1500 ; he was jailed for six weeks upon returning to Spain ; yet Ferdinand and Isabel financed his fourth voyage to the New World, but denied him the governorship of the land.

Although their ship was a wreck, the crew of Guerrier refused to surrender, continuing to fire the few functional guns whenever possible despite heavy answering fire from Zealous.

Although he had agreed to do so as a prerequisite of Li's return, Chiang refused to surrender more than a fraction of the wealth that he had sent to Taiwan.

Although influenced by the modern symbolism and surrealism movement he refused to follow its creed.

Although the U. S. have been refused to renew their lease on the Manta military airbase, deliveries included trucks, patrol boats, GPS, night-vision and rifles.

Although Mitchell refused to write a sequel to Gone with the Wind, Mitchell's estate authorized Alexandra Ripley to write a sequel, which was titled Scarlett.

Although providing a major morale boost for the Ottomans, the operation failed to achieve its primary objective, as Kountouriotis refused to leave his post and pursue the Hamidiye.

Although George III refused to purchase the work, West succeeded both in overcoming his critics ' objections and inaugurating a more historically accurate style in such paintings.

Although the Separatists supported civil government, the group refused to make a physical oath in its support, " for according to the Gospel not oath is allowed him who gives evidence of a righteous life as an upright man.

Although a product of the political culture of his day, he refused to play politics according to the usual rules and was not as aggressive in courting political support as he could have been.

Although the libertines controlled the council, his request was refused.

Although the new treaty called for ten more years of trade between the U. S. and the British Empire, and gave American merchants certain guarantees that would have been good for business, Jefferson refused to give up the potential weapon of commercial warfare against Britain and was unhappy that it did not end the hated British practice of impressment of American sailors.

Although the FAI initially refused to recognize Gagarin's pioneering flight, it subsequently amended its position to recognize ( as the FAI website states ) that he was the " first human being to journey into outer space ".

Although her father refused to grant this wish of joining a convent, he agreed to let her live from that time on in an almost conventual semi-retirement, avoiding all interactions with society and devoting herself entirely to the study of mathematics.

Although both she and her mother were ill, Mary was refused permission to visit Catherine.

Although both investigations were almost entirely focused on Milken's department, Milken refused to talk with Drexel ( which launched its own internal investigation ) except through his lawyers.

Although the Court called on the United States to " cease and to refrain " from the unlawful use of force against Nicaragua and stated that the US was in " in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to use force against another state " and ordered it to pay reparations, the United States refused to comply.

Although Gregory refused to accept the ruling, there is no evidence that he managed to get the decision overturned.

Although the Greenman rule was transmitted to most other states via Section 402A of the Restatement of Torts, Second ( published in 1964 after Greenman ), the Supreme Court of California refused to adopt Section 402A's " unreasonably dangerous " limitation upon strict liability in 1972.

Although Texas governed itself, Mexico refused to recognize its independence.

Although Germany refused to officially surrender the islands, no resistance was offered and the occupation took place without any fighting.

Although Sima was the Prefect of the Grand Scribes in the Han government, he refused to write Shiji as an official history covering only those of high rank.

Although called before the Privy Council several times to renounce her faith and stop hearing the Catholic Mass, she refused.

Although Kekkonen was re-elected with two-thirds of the vote, he was so displeased with his opponents and their behaviour that he publicly refused to be stand for the presidency again.

Although there was no strong public sentiment against the practice, Pitt completely refused to profit by it.