Although not called as such, machines performing the role recognizable as artillery have been employed in warfare since antiquity.

Although the Greeks and Romans typically scorned Egypt's animal-headed gods as bizarre and primitive ( Anubis was known to be mockingly called " Barker " by the Greeks ), Anubis was sometimes associated with Sirius in the heavens, and Cerberus in Hades.

Although its author is unknown, its themes and subject matter are rooted in Germanic heroic poetry, in Anglo-Saxon tradition recited and cultivated by Old English poets called scops.

Although the above rules are in some way universal, Confucius would be called an ethical particularist because of how he interprets these rules.

Although the Bogotá junta called itself a " Supreme Junta of the New Kingdom of Granada ," it failed to provide political unity, and battles broke out between cities and towns as each tried to defend its sovereignty.

Although he is best known for discovering the dwarf planet Pluto in 1930, the first object to be discovered in what would later be identified as the Kuiper belt, Tombaugh also discovered many asteroids ; he also called for serious scientific research of unidentified flying objects.

Although often considered an Arian, Constantius ultimately preferred a third, compromise version that lay somewhere in between Arianism and the Nicene Creed, retrospectively called Semi-Arianism.

Although Constans called the Council of Sardica in 343 to settle the conflict, it was a complete failure and by 346 the two emperors were on the point of open warfare over the religious dispute.

Although the CPS called itself a grass-roots movement, it had no members and was financed by The 61, " a private sector operational intelligence agency " said by its founder, Brian Crozier, to be funded by " rich individuals and a few private companies ".

Although Chernenko had called for renewed détente with the West, little progress was made towards closing the rift in East − West relations during his rule.

Although no official membership figures are published, the Columbia Encyclopedia gives an estimated figure of 50, 000 Christadelphians, who are spread across approximately 120 countries ; there are established churches ( or ecclesias, as they are often called ) in many of those countries, along with isolated members.

Although the Church of the Holy Sepulchre has its tomb just a few yards away from its Golgotha, there is no particular reason to regard this close juxtaposition as a necessity ; however, Gordon followed this principle, concluding that his site for Golgotha must also be the approximate location for Jesus ' burial, identifying a nearby tomb, now called the Garden Tomb, as the location for the event.

Although the first recorded dictionaries date back to Sumerian times ( these were bilingual dictionaries ), the systematic study of dictionaries as objects of scientific interest themselves is a 20th century enterprise, called lexicography, and largely initiated by Ladislav Zgusta.

Although Dada itself was unknown in Georgia until at least 1920, from 1917-1921 a group of poets called themselves " 41st Degree " ( referring both to the latitude of Tbilisi, Georgia and to the temperature of a high fever ) organized along Dadaist lines.

Although unsuccessful, he made a two-stroke toy engine in 1919, called Des Knaben Wunsch —" the boy's desire ".

Although a third party, called a clearing house, insures a futures contract, not all derivatives are insured against counter-party risk.

Although the contract called for the purchase of 12 Kfirs and an option to purchase an additional 12, Ecuador acquired only the original group, at a price estimated at US $ 196 million.

Although generally called a war novel, the author states that he " see The Time in Between as a war novel ".

Although its decisions are accepted by all Christians, and still observed in full by the Greek Orthodox, and later definitions of an ecumenical council appear to conform to this sole biblical Council, no Christian church calls it a mere ecumenical council, instead it is called the " Apostolic Council " or " Council of Jerusalem ".

Although Abel had already proved the impossibility of a " quintic formula " by radicals in 1824 and Ruffini had published a solution in 1799 that turned out to be flawed, Galois ' methods led to deeper research in what is now called Galois theory.

Although a digital filter can be an IIR filter if the algorithm implementing it includes feedback, it is also possible to easily implement a filter whose impulse truly goes to zero after N time steps ; this is called a finite impulse response ( FIR ) filter.

The Enzo was Ferrari's fastest model at the time, and was introduced and named in honor of the company's founder, Enzo Ferrari ( Although it was to be called the F60, continuing on from the F40 and F50, but Ferrari was so pleased with it, they called it the Enzo instead ).

Although he did not know the physical basis for heredity, Mendel observed that organisms inherit traits via discrete units of inheritance, which are now called genes.

Although native to Ghent, he punished the city after the 1539 Revolt of Ghent and obliged the city's nobles to walk in front of the emperor barefoot with a noose ( Dutch: strop ) around the neck ; since this incident, the people of Ghent have been called " Stroppendragers " ( noose bearers ).

Although Amasis thus appears first as champion of the disparaged native, he had the good sense to cultivate the friendship of the Greek world, and brought Egypt into closer touch with it than ever before.

Although there were low levels of preexisting antibiotic-resistant bacteria before the widespread use of antibiotics, evolutionary pressure from their use has played a role in the development of muiltidrug resistance varieties and the spread of resistance between bacterial species.

Although previous Apollo expeditions, including Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 obtained samples of pre-mare lunar material, before lava began to upwell from the Moon's interior and flood the low areas and basins, none had actually visited the lunar highlands.

Although the absolute numerical values of astronomical and historical years only differ by one before year 1, this difference is critical when calculating astronomical events like eclipses or planetary conjunctions to determine when historical events which mention them occurred.

Although he used the usual French terms " avant J .- C ." ( before Jesus Christ ) and " après J .- C ." ( after Jesus Christ ) to label years elsewhere in his book, the Byzantine historian Venance Grumel used negative years ( identified by a minus sign, −) to label BC years and unsigned positive years to label AD years in a table, possibly to save space, without a year 0 between them.

Although the Umayyads did not have a historical presence in the region ( no member of the Umayyad family was known to have ever set foot in al-Andalus before ) and there were grave concerns about young Abd al-Rahman's inexperience, several of the lower-ranking Yemenite commanders felt they had little to lose and much to gain, and agreed to support the prince.

Although he had long suffered from heart trouble, his early death was unexpected ; taken ill suddenly at the end of 1934, he lay bedridden for three months before dying of pneumonia.

Although neither the Nazi Party nor Hitler himself had a cohesive architectural policy before they came to power in 1933, Nazi writers like Wilhelm Frick and Alfred Rosenberg had already labeled the Bauhaus " un-German " and criticized its modernist styles, deliberately generating public controversy over issues like flat roofs.

Although he still wore a standard British officer's cap on arrival in the desert, he briefly wore an Australian broad-brimmed hat before switching to wearing the black beret ( with the badge of the Royal Tank Regiment next to the British General Officer's badge ) for which he became notable.

Although his success lasted only a year and a half before his death in an airplane crash, Holly is described by critic Bruce Eder as " the single most influential creative force in early rock and roll.

Although Holly had already begun to become disillusioned with Norman Petty before meeting Maria Elena, it was through her and her aunt Provi, the head of Latin American music at Peer-Southern, that he began to fully realize what was going on with his manager, who was paying the band's royalties into his own company's account.

Although the SDP was seen as being largely a breakaway from the right wing of the Labour Party, an internal party survey found that 60 % of its members had not belonged to a political party before, with 25 % being drawn from Labour, 10 % from the Conservatives and 5 % from the Liberals.

Although completed in 1938, it was hit by a bomb in 1940 and remained semi-derelict for 22 years, before reopening in 1962.

Although deemed thrash metal rather than black metal by today's standards, the album's lyrics and imagery focused more on anti-Christian and Satanic themes than any before it.

* 2008: Although confirmed before his death in June 2008, an honorary degree was posthumously conferred upon Diddley by the University of Florida in August 2008.

Although polls just a week before the election gave Arias a comfortable lead of at least 12 % ( and up to 20 %), preliminary election results gave him only a. 4 % lead over rival Ottón Solís and prompted a manual recount of all ballots.

Although the Fore's mortuary cannibalism was well documented, the practice had ceased before the cause of the disease was recognized.

Although a " bijection " seems a more advanced concept than a number, the usual development of mathematics in terms of set theory defines functions before numbers, as they are based on much simpler sets.

Although the comet had approached Jupiter closely before, the July 7 encounter seemed to be by far the closest, and the fragmentation of the comet is thought to have occurred at this time.

Although the phrase " perfect game " appeared in record books as early as 1922, and was a common expression years before that, Major League Baseball did not formalize the definition of a " perfect game " until 1991, long after Young's death.

Although he is depicted as a peaceful king in children's books, he in fact waged many victorious wars and was readying for others just before he died.

Although Jews had lived in Poland since before the reign of King Casimir, he allowed them to settle in Poland in great numbers and protected them as people of the king.

Although his name and history were taken from his early life with his adoptive Earth parents, everything about Clark was staged for the benefit of his alternate identity: as a reporter for the Daily Planet, he receives late-breaking news before the general public, has a plausible reason to be present at crime scenes, and need not strictly account for his whereabouts as long as he makes his story deadlines.

Although most of the instruments built before the 1730s were small ( four octaves, four feet long ), the latest instruments were built up to seven feet long with a six octave range.

Although he had spiritual interests before that time, he said, " I didn't convert to Catholicism, because I wasn't anything to convert from.