Although these guidelines have been widely implemented, opponents argue that even when a diagnostic criteria set is accepted across different cultures, it does not necessarily indicate that the underlying constructs have any validity within those cultures ; even reliable application can only demonstrate consistency, not legitimacy.

Although EVM schedule measurements are not necessarily conclusive, they provide useful diagnostic information.

Although the diagnostic categories are referred to as ' disorders ', they are presented as if medical diseases, but are not validated in the same way as most medical diagnoses.

Although they have significantly contributed to the current diagnostic criteria, the specificity of first-rank symptoms has been questioned.

Although the ICHD-2 is the most complete headache classification there is and it includes frequency in the diagnostic criteria of some types of headaches ( primarily primary headaches ), it does not specifically code frequency or severity which are left at the discretion of the examiner.

Although colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are still employed, stool testing for the presence of Clostridium difficile toxins is now often the first-line diagnostic approach.

Although these tests are readily available, they are not the standard diagnostic tests due to their insufficient sensitivity and specificity.

Although knowledge of this species is limited, we consider its naming to be justified based on the diagnostic morphology of ultimate fourth premolars in ptilodontids generally ( Krause 1982, 1987 ) and the unique structure of these teeth.

Although the dark underwing and lack of a white trailing edge to the wing are diagnostic, these features are not always readily seen in the field, especially as the chestnut underwing of the Collared Pratincole appears black unless excellent views are obtained.

Although hydrogen breath tests indicate poorer rates of carbohydrate absorption in those asymptomatically infected, such tests are not diagnostic of infection.

Although the term " bootable business card " could be applied to any bootable CD-ROM in the business card form factor, it almost always refers one which contains a compact Linux distribution generally containing a suite of system diagnostic and rescue tools and / or demos of specific packages.

Although the mammogram is the superior diagnostic technique for distinguishing among cancerous and benign lesions to the breast, any questionable lesion can be visualized ultrasonically and magnetically ( MRI ); biopsy follows any clinically suspicious lesion or indeterminate abnormality appeared in a radiograph.

Although there are no studies examining diagnostic accuracy, concern is expressed as to the potential for over-diagnosis based on broad checklists and ' snapshots '.

Although somewhat less useful, an upper GI series ( x-rays taken after the baby drinks a special contrast agent ) can be diagnostic by showing the narrowed pyloric outlet filled with a thin stream of contrast material ; a " string sign " or the " railroad track sign ".

Although this is a form of imaging, it is both diagnostic and therapeutic, and is often classified with surgeries rather than with imaging.

Although trials with the Td5 engine proved it to be reliable in battlefield conditions, it was decided that servicing and repairing its electronic control systems should they fail was too complicated and reliant on having diagnostic computers available.

Although this file was revealed to be a harmless diagnostic patch, the program gained attention in the media when Symantec removed posts from their forum concerning PIFTS.

Although it is still cited in diagnostic manuals of psychiatry, such as DSM-IV and in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ( ICD ), oneirophrenia as a separate entity is out of fashion nowadays.

Although difficulties with use and understanding of complex sentences are a common feature of SLI, the diagnostic criteria encompass a wide range of problems, and for some children other aspects of language are problematic ( see below ).

Although designed as a screening device rather than a diagnostic tool, the BDI is sometimes used by health care providers to reach a quick diagnosis.

Although female sexual dysfunction is currently a contested diagnostic, pharmaceutical companies are beginning to promote products to treat FSD, often involving low doses of testosterone.

Although serologic tests are not specific enough for diagnostic purposes, they can be used as basic epidemiologic tools.

Although barium is superior in demonstrating small perforations, the spillage of barium sulfate into the mediastinal and pleural cavities can cause an inflammatory response and subsequent fibrosis and is therefore not used as the primary diagnostic study.

Although evidence-based medicine is regarded as the gold standard of conventional clinical practice, limitations or criticisms of its use exist, such as:

Although the main focus of his work was on medicine, anatomy, and physiology, Galen also wrote about logic and philosophy.

" Although Egyptian medicine, to a good extent, dealt with the supernatural, it eventually developed a practical use in the fields of anatomy, public health, and clinical diagnostics.

Although Robinson adopted an insulin injection regimen, the state of medicine at the time could not prevent continued deterioration of Robinson's physical condition from the disease.

Although he accepted temporary chairs at the universities of Pisa and Messina, throughout his life he continuously returned to Bologna to practice medicine, a city that repaid him by erecting a monument in his memory after his death.

Although the use of mushrooms in folk medicine is largely centered on the Asian continent, people in other parts of the world like the Middle East, Poland and Belarus have been documented using mushrooms for medicinal purposes.

Although stroke cases have been traditionally managed by internal medicine or hospitalists, the emergence of vascular neurology and interventional neurologists has created a demand for stroke specialists.

Although the New England Journal of Medicine reported the invention of the stethoscope two years later, in 1821, as late as 1885 a professor of medicine stated, " He that hath ears to hear, let him use his ears and not a stethoscope.

Although most common in medicine, CT is also used in other fields, such as nondestructive materials testing.

Although this is incorrect, it was at least founded upon observation and may mark a new outlook on medicine: specialization.

Although the rulers of the Dagomba states were not usually Muslim, they brought with them, or welcomed, Muslims as scribes and medicine men.

Although meta-analysis is widely used in epidemiology and evidence-based medicine today, a meta-analysis of a medical treatment was not published until 1955.

Although primarily a producer of Anglican clergymen in the earlier periods of its history, St John's also gained a reputation for both law and medicine.

Although he claims expertise in human medicine, particularly internal medicine, his knowledge of human anatomy and physiology is atrocious.

Although not part of the UN peacekeeping operation in Rwanda, the United States provided humanitarian aid in the form of purified water, medicine, site sanitation, and other means.

Although highly controversial when first proposed, germ theory was validated in the late 19th century and is now a fundamental part of modern medicine and clinical microbiology, leading to such important innovations as antibiotics and hygienic practices.

Although originally sold as a secret medicine, Warburg's Tincture was highly regarded by many eminent medical professionals who considered it as being superior to quinine ( e. g. Surgeon-General W. C. Maclean, Professor of Military Medicine at British Army Medical School, Netley ).

Although 19th century medicine did not have the means to do so, modern surgical techniques would have easily allowed them to be separated.

Although older writings exist which deal with herbal medicine, such as Edwin Smith Papyrus in Egypt, Pliny ’ s pharmacopoeia and De Materia Medica ( Περί ύλης ιατρικής ), a five volume book originally written in Greek by Pedanius Dioscorides, are considered the major initial works in the field.

Although reusable needles remain useful for some scientific applications, disposable needles are far more common in medicine.

Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.

Although several hospital rules disallowed administering the drug under the circumstances, 25 out of the 26 nurses would have given the patient an overdose of medicine.