Although individual projects typically last three to five years, major technological challenges may be addressed over longer time periods, ensuring patient investment on a series of focused steps and keeping teams together for ongoing collaboration.

Although Abdur Rahman had fathered many children, he groomed Habibullah to succeed him, and he made it difficult for his other sons to contest the succession by keeping power from them and sequestering them in Kabul under his control.

Although they are not perfectly stable, a relatively modest effort at station keeping can allow a spacecraft to stay in a desired Lissajous orbit for an extended period of time.

Although keeping up with the pace and difficulty of MIT coursework has been compared to " drinking from a fire hose ", the freshmen retention rate at MIT is similar to that at other national research universities.

Although the Basic Law states that the Macau SAR government may " when necessary " ask the central government to allow the garrison to assist in maintaining public order or disaster relief, Chief Executive Ho has said that, in keeping with the Basic Law the garrison will play no role in internal security.

Although some quantum gravity theories such as string theory and other unified field theories ( or ' theories of everything ') attempt to unify gravity with the other fundamental forces, others such as loop quantum gravity make no such attempt ; they simply quantize the gravitational field while keeping it separate from the other forces.

Although relying solely on security through obscurity is almost always a very poor design decision, keeping secret some of the details of an otherwise well-engineered system may be a reasonable tactic as part of a defense in depth strategy.

Although governments must spend money on tax collection activities, some of the costs, particularly for keeping records and filling out forms, are borne by businesses and by private individuals.

Although the aim in this situation is to remove the introduced species entirely, keeping its abundance down is often the only possibility.

Although Stoppard uses language reflective of his periods — historical or modern speech patterns and lexicons in keeping with his characterizations — this is a stylised dialogue used to convey " look and feel " according to the perceptions of the modern audience.

Although Universal Pictures taught him fencing and riding, in keeping with the cinematic themes of the era, Curtis admitted he was at first only interested in girls and money.

Although he said he had " deep aversion against capital punishment " and in his 1974 campaign proclaimed his opposition to the death penalty, he did not commute three of the death sentences that he had to decide upon during his presidency ( although he did so in several other occasions ), keeping France as the last country in the European Union to apply the death penalty.

Although the army leadership had been scrupulous about keeping smallpox sufferers segregated from others, the disease that slowed the shipbuilding for several weeks was some kind of fever.

Although the parish records from before 1900 were moved to Lincoln in 1988 for safe keeping, the parish library remains one of the ten biggest in England today and, with a dedicated cataloguer finally employed, is now undergoing a period of restoration work.

Although the town is only, the residents and government of Hillcrest Heights have been aggressive in keeping the status quo in the town.

Although the mill was effective at keeping D ’ Lo afloat for many years, it was never a large enough operation to recoup the huge loss of population.

Although much of Kidd's treasure was recovered from various people who had taken possession of it before Kidd's arrest ( such as his wife and various others who were given it for safe keeping ), there was so much public interest and fascination with the case at the time, speculation grew that a vast fortune remained and that Kidd had secretly buried it.

Although the text and images were stored on separate disks, it was in keeping with standards current at the time.

Although Un Chien Andalou is a silent film, during the original screening ( attended by the elite of the Parisian art world ), Bunuel played a sequence of phonograph records which he switched manually while keeping his pockets full of stones with which to pelt anticipated hecklers.

Although the quake, striking at 19: 36, was powerful enough to destroy or badly damage about half of the homes, the " effective preventative measures taken " were credited with keeping the death toll under 300.

Although this was in keeping with Volvo's emphasis on safety, it also increased its cost of production.

Although western audiences categorise wassoulou performers like Oumou Sangaré as feminists for criticizing practices like polygamy and arranged marriage, within Mali they are not viewed in that light because their messages, when they do not support the status quo of gender roles, are subtly expressed and ambiguously worded, thus keeping them open to a variety of interpretations and avoiding direct censure from Malian society.

Although there is no known formal ( primary ) treatment for alien hand syndrome at this time, the symptoms can be reduced and managed to some degree by keeping the alien hand occupied and involved in a task, for example by giving it an object to hold in its grasp.

Although a Mint opened in Sydney in 1855, it had difficulty keeping pace with the output of the goldfields and in 1871 a new branch of the Royal Mint opened in Melbourne.

Although he is perfectly willing to cooperate with Scotland Yard, Holmes has nothing but contempt for the intelligence and mentality of the police.

Although it is constantly made to look foolish ( too simple to come in out of the rain, people say, who have found in the innocent an impediment ), it does not mind looking foolish because it is not concerned with how it looks.

Although one meets with occasional extremists like Zachrisson or, very recently, Arthur Wade-Evans the majority of scholars have taken a middle position between the extremes of scepticism and gullibility.

Although Patchen has given previous evidence of an interest in jazz, the musical group that he works with, the Chamber Jazz Sextet, is often ignored by jazz critics.

Although the false glamour surrounding bourbon or other whisky commercials is possibly no more fatuous than the pseudo-sophistication with which TV soft-drinks are downed or toothpaste applied, there is a sad difference between enticing a viewer into sipping Oopsie-Cola and gulling him into downing bourbon.

Although they are forbidden to sit with the customers, the dancers are sometimes proffered drinks, and most of them can bolt one down in mid-shimmy.

Although it had seemed a good reason, to begin with: no couple could afford to have children.

Although I suggested that you hold the bar at the back of the neck there's no reason why you shouldn't make some experiments with the bar held in front of the neck.

Although lacking absolute verisimilitude, they supply the ear and the imagination with all necessary materials for re-creation of the original.

Although the Af calculation is obvious by analogy with that for gravitational field and osmotic pressure, it is interesting to confirm it by a method which can be generalized to include related effects.

Although we are still far from a complete understanding of these problems, as a first approximation, it is suggested that alterations in the hypothalamic balance with consequent changes in the hypothalamic-cortical discharges account for major changes in behavior seen in various moods and states of emotions in man and beast under physiological circumstances, in experimental and clinical neurosis, and as the result of psychopharmacological agents.

Although the teacher must be concerned with maintaining standards, he must also be concerned about understanding differences in ability, background, and experience.

Although Rhode Islanders were preparing for the state elections, they watched John Brown's trial with extreme interest.

Although slab stock appeared first, it soon became apparent that for the production of cushions with irregular shapes, crowned contours, or rounded edges, the cutting of slab stock is a wasteful and uneconomical process.

Although we enjoyed our rounds of the government offices in Vientiane, with officials offering tea and pleasing conversation in French, we were getting nowhere.

Although the Administration's program cut crop acreage to the lowest point since 1934, farmers, with the help of extra fertilizer and good weather, are getting such high yields per acre that many are being forced to buy new harvesting machines.

Although the particular form of conceptualization which popular imagination had made in response to the experience of spirit was undoubtedly defective, the raw experience itself which led to such excesses remains with us as vividly as ever.

Although the theological forms of the past continue to exist in a way they do not in a more secularized situation, the striking thing is the rapidity with which they are being reduced to a marginal existence.

Although he later broke with the churches because he believed that they were insufficiently outspoken against social evils, he remained a devout Christian.

Although I absolutely reject the Platonism of it, I have literally squealed with delight at the imperturbable perfection with which the position is laid down on page after page ''.

Although he is not graced with the subtleties of romantic technique, that's not what an ex-prize fighter is supposed to have, anyway.

Although Crete had contacts with Mari from 2000 BC, there is no evidence that the ecstatic prophetic art existed during the Minoan and Mycenean ages.

Although the fossils of several older proto-frogs with primitive characteristics are known, the oldest " true frog " is Prosalirus bitis, from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona.

Although most species are associated with water and damp habitats, some are specialised to live in trees and in deserts.