Although in 2002 the NYSE and the NASDAQ required that nominating committees consist of independent directors as a condition of listing, nomination committees have historically received input from management in their selections even when the CEO does not have a position on the board.

Although there is no strong evidence for any single theory, many independent theories exist, some blaming storms, some capsizing, and some suggesting that wartime enemy activity was to blame for the loss.

Although 19th-century ethnologists saw " diffusion " and " independent invention " as mutually exclusive and competing theories, most ethnographers quickly reached a consensus that both processes occur, and that both can plausibly account for cross-cultural similarities.

Although the newly independent provinces formed a Federation, border disputes broke out among them, adding to the region's turbulent history and conditions.

Although the VCheKa was officially an independent organization from the NKVD, its main members such as Dzerzhinsky, Latsis, Unszlicht, and Uritsky ( all main chekists ), since November 1917 composed the collegiate of NKVD headed by Petrovsky.

Although a majority of distributism's later supporters were not Catholics and many were in fact former radical socialists who had become disillusioned with socialism ; distributist thought was adopted by the Catholic Worker Movement, conjoining it with the thought of Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin concerning localized and independent communities.

Although this is an independent definition that does not refer to the older basis of ephemeris time, it uses the same quantity as the value of the ephemeris second measured by the cesium clock in 1958.

Although independent of the IGI, the AF and PRF often contain duplications of IGI records.

Although heavily outnumbered by Portuguese troops ( approximately 30, 000 Portuguese to some 10, 000 guerrillas ), the PAIGe had the great advantage of safe havens over the border in Senegal and Guinea, both recently independent of French rule.

Although they are thought to have been used in Europe much earlier, gambesons underwent a revolution from their first proven use in the late 11th and early 12th centuries as an item of armour that simply facilitated the wearing of mail to an item of independent armour popular amongst infantry.

Although his work was not initially taken seriously by British critics of the Sight and Sound circle, he was venerated by French critics associated with Cahiers du cinéma, who intellectualized his work in a way Hawks himself was moderately amused by, and he was also admired by more independent British writers such as Robin Wood.

Although the HBC maintained a monopoly on the fur trade during the early mid 19th century there was competition from James Sinclair and Andrew McDermot ( Dermott ), independent traders in the Red River Colony.

Although Haiti actively assisted the independence movements of many Latin American countries – and secured a promise from the great liberator, Simón Bolívar, that he would free their slaves after winning independence from Spain – the nation of former slaves was excluded from the hemisphere's first regional meeting of independent nations, held in Panama in 1826.

Although organised around the Hilchot of the Rif, it is, in fact, an independent work.

Although these projects were satisfying, Pei wanted to establish an independent name for himself.

Although he is often characterized as an " architect " exclusively, as James Beck has observed, " to single out one of Leon Battista's ' fields ' over others as somehow functionally independent and self-sufficient is of no help at all to any effort to characterize Alberti's extensive explorations in the fine arts.

Although droplets are manipulated in confined microfluidic channels, since the control on droplets is not independent, it should not be confused as " digital microfluidics ".

Although Azawad, a region spanning the expansive north of Mali, was proclaimed independent in April 2012 by Tuareg rebels, Mali has not recognised the de facto state.

Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome.

Although the island was ruled as a virtual fiefdom, its owner never claimed to be independent of the United Kingdom, so Lundy can at best be described as a precursor to later territorial micronations.

Although both Finkelstein and Silberman accept that David and Solomon were real kings of Judah about the 10th century BC, they claim that the earliest independent reference to the Kingdom of Israel is about 890 BC, and for Judah about 750 BC.

Although satellite states were independent and possessed sovereignty, the Soviet Union often violated principles of self-determination by suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1956 and the Prague Spring Czechoslovak reforms of 1968.

Although the Taiwan Power Company ( Taipower ), state-owned enterprise, is in charge of providing electricity for the Taiwan area, a 1994 measure has allowed independent power producers ( IPPs ) to provide up to 20 % of the island's energy needs.

Although most of Ukraine fell under Bolshevik control and eventually became one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union, Poland and the Baltic states emerged as independent countries.

Although Patchen has given previous evidence of an interest in jazz, the musical group that he works with, the Chamber Jazz Sextet, is often ignored by jazz critics.

Although the site may not contain the features themselves, there are often opportunities to include them as additional interest to the site.

Although blind students have benefited from talking calculators, the abacus is still very often taught to these students in early grades, both in public schools and state schools for the blind.

Although specialized and experienced amateur astronomers tend to acquire more specialized and more powerful equipment over time, relatively simple equipment is often preferred for certain tasks.

Although they are often considered to be weeds in gardens, this viewpoint is not always necessary, as most of them die when the soil temperature warms up again in early to late spring when other plants are still dormant and have not yet leafed out.

Although the name actually applies to a group of snakes, it is often used to refer only to one species in particular, the common or green anaconda, Eunectes murinus, which is one of the largest snakes in the world.

Although often cited as a proponent of existentialism, the philosophy with which Camus was associated during his own lifetime, he rejected this particular label.

Although the Greek word " techně " is often mistranslated as " art ," it actually implies mastery of any sort of craft.

Although the terms adiabatic and isocaloric can often be interchanged, adiabatic processes may be considered a subset of isocaloric processes ; the remaining complement subset of isocaloric processes being processes where net heat transfer does not diverge regionally such as in an idealized case with mediums of infinite thermal conductivity or non-existent thermal capacity.

Although several species are often considered weeds, people around the world value amaranths as leaf vegetables, cereals, and ornamentals.

Although its function is unknown, it has been often suggested that the jewel was one of the æstels — pointers for reading — that Alfred ordered sent to every bishopric accompanying a copy of his translation of the Pastoral Care.

Although Muslim scholars have often debated over who this verse refers to, most classical commentators and modern translators have taken the opinion that this refers to Amram, the father of Moses and Aaron.

Although a phoneme's allophones are all alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific allophone selected in a given situation is often predictable.

Although page flipping was a hardware possibility, the limited memory forced most applications to do all their drawing directly to the visible screen, often resulting in graphical flicker or visible redraw.

Although Carolla often supports social viewpoints traditionally dominated by liberal politicians, such as his support for abortion and the legalization of marijuana, his socio-political views tend to be largely conservative or libertarian.

Although allenes often require specialized syntheses, the parent, propadiene is produced on a large scale as an equilibrium mixture with methylacetylene:

Although colors can be mixed, pigments are often not specified.

Although AVMs are often associated with the brain and spinal cord, they can develop in any part of the body.

Although he was a major figure in the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party after 1844, Disraeli's relations with the other leading figures in the party, particularly Lord Derby, the overall leader, were often strained.

Although essential amenities, such as running water, furniture and a limited ration of food were provided, luxury items were often forbidden.

Deane and J. R. Thomson write this valid conclusion, “ The Book of Obadiah is occupied with one subject – the punishment of Edom for its cruel and unbrotherly love conduct towards Judah ...” One can link this idea of punishment to one of the major prophets “ Ezekiel ” who “... interprets the exile to Babylon and the destruction of Jerusalem as deserved punishments for the sins of those who themselves committed them .” Verses 3-7 in Obadiah explain to the reader the reason for the punishment theme, “ Confidence in one ’ s power, intelligence, allies, or the topographical features of one ’ s territory is often mentioned as an attribute of those who foolishly confront the Lord and are consequently punished .” Although destruction is vital to understanding Obadiah, it is of note to understand the destruction being a consequence of action.

Although it's increasingly common for couples – particularly younger couples – to have " power neutral " relationships and / or play styles, activities and relationships within a BDSM context are often characterized by the participants ' taking on complementary, but unequal roles ; thus, the idea of informed consent of both the partners becomes essential.

Although written literature is only slowly evolving ( due to the predominance of French as the " language of the educated "), there exists a wealth of oral literature, which is often tales of kings and heroes.

Although these two are often considered interchangeable, compilers and execution environments usually assign different signals to these.

Although vulnerable to antitank fire, they can often be repaired or replaced in the field.