Although individual projects typically last three to five years, major technological challenges may be addressed over longer time periods, ensuring patient investment on a series of focused steps and keeping teams together for ongoing collaboration.

Although Abdur Rahman had fathered many children, he groomed Habibullah to succeed him, and he made it difficult for his other sons to contest the succession by keeping power from them and sequestering them in Kabul under his control.

Although they are not perfectly stable, a relatively modest effort at station keeping can allow a spacecraft to stay in a desired Lissajous orbit for an extended period of time.

Although the Basic Law states that the Macau SAR government may " when necessary " ask the central government to allow the garrison to assist in maintaining public order or disaster relief, Chief Executive Ho has said that, in keeping with the Basic Law the garrison will play no role in internal security.

Although some quantum gravity theories such as string theory and other unified field theories ( or ' theories of everything ') attempt to unify gravity with the other fundamental forces, others such as loop quantum gravity make no such attempt ; they simply quantize the gravitational field while keeping it separate from the other forces.

Although relying solely on security through obscurity is almost always a very poor design decision, keeping secret some of the details of an otherwise well-engineered system may be a reasonable tactic as part of a defense in depth strategy.

Although governments must spend money on tax collection activities, some of the costs, particularly for keeping records and filling out forms, are borne by businesses and by private individuals.

Although the aim in this situation is to remove the introduced species entirely, keeping its abundance down is often the only possibility.

Although Stoppard uses language reflective of his periods — historical or modern speech patterns and lexicons in keeping with his characterizations — this is a stylised dialogue used to convey " look and feel " according to the perceptions of the modern audience.

Although Universal Pictures taught him fencing and riding, in keeping with the cinematic themes of the era, Curtis admitted he was at first only interested in girls and money.

Although he said he had " deep aversion against capital punishment " and in his 1974 campaign proclaimed his opposition to the death penalty, he did not commute three of the death sentences that he had to decide upon during his presidency ( although he did so in several other occasions ), keeping France as the last country in the European Union to apply the death penalty.

Although the army leadership had been scrupulous about keeping smallpox sufferers segregated from others, the disease that slowed the shipbuilding for several weeks was some kind of fever.

Although the parish records from before 1900 were moved to Lincoln in 1988 for safe keeping, the parish library remains one of the ten biggest in England today and, with a dedicated cataloguer finally employed, is now undergoing a period of restoration work.

Although the town is only, the residents and government of Hillcrest Heights have been aggressive in keeping the status quo in the town.

Although the mill was effective at keeping D ’ Lo afloat for many years, it was never a large enough operation to recoup the huge loss of population.

Although much of Kidd's treasure was recovered from various people who had taken possession of it before Kidd's arrest ( such as his wife and various others who were given it for safe keeping ), there was so much public interest and fascination with the case at the time, speculation grew that a vast fortune remained and that Kidd had secretly buried it.

Although the text and images were stored on separate disks, it was in keeping with standards current at the time.

Although in keeping with European practices, this was not yet considered appropriate behaviour in England and Rupert was reprimanded by the King.

Although Un Chien Andalou is a silent film, during the original screening ( attended by the elite of the Parisian art world ), Bunuel played a sequence of phonograph records which he switched manually while keeping his pockets full of stones with which to pelt anticipated hecklers.

Although the quake, striking at 19: 36, was powerful enough to destroy or badly damage about half of the homes, the " effective preventative measures taken " were credited with keeping the death toll under 300.

Although this was in keeping with Volvo's emphasis on safety, it also increased its cost of production.

Although western audiences categorise wassoulou performers like Oumou Sangaré as feminists for criticizing practices like polygamy and arranged marriage, within Mali they are not viewed in that light because their messages, when they do not support the status quo of gender roles, are subtly expressed and ambiguously worded, thus keeping them open to a variety of interpretations and avoiding direct censure from Malian society.

Although there is no known formal ( primary ) treatment for alien hand syndrome at this time, the symptoms can be reduced and managed to some degree by keeping the alien hand occupied and involved in a task, for example by giving it an object to hold in its grasp.

Although a Mint opened in Sydney in 1855, it had difficulty keeping pace with the output of the goldfields and in 1871 a new branch of the Royal Mint opened in Melbourne.

Although the tape was run for over 1 hr., a steady state was not reached, and it was concluded that the reason for this was that the back pressure of the manometer was built up from the material fed from between the blocks and this was available at a very slow rate.

Although they are often considered to be weeds in gardens, this viewpoint is not always necessary, as most of them die when the soil temperature warms up again in early to late spring when other plants are still dormant and have not yet leafed out.

Although much of the church hierarchy in the East had opposed the Nicene creed in the decades leading up to Theodosius ' accession, he managed to achieve unity on the basis of the Nicene creed.

Although the Atanasoff – Berry Computer was an important step up from earlier calculating machines, it was not able to run entirely automatically through an entire problem.

Although Ealdred gave up the bishopric, the appointment of Wulfstan was one that allowed Ealdred to continue his considerable influence on the see of Worcester.

Although the Falcons won 3 of their last 4 games after the return of Michael Vick, they ended up with a dismal 5 – 11 record that year.

Although the hard-part bearing organisms make up as little as 14 % of the community, these same organisms are found in similar proportions in other Cambrian localities.

Although Beavis and Butt-Head greatly admire him and aspire to join his " gang ," Todd despises the two and frequently beats them up and takes advantage of them when he needs something, such as money, food or a place to hide from other gangs or the police.

Although trade unions in Benin represent up to 75 % of the formal workforce, the large informal economy has been noted by the International Trade Union Confederation ( ITCU ) to contain ongoing problems, including a lack of women's wage equality, the use of child labour, and the continuing issue of forced labour.

Although he would go on to have back-to-back 17-win seasons for the Chicago Cubs in 1971 and 1972, including a no-hitter in the latter season, this did not help the Reds, who ended up losing the 1970 World Series to Robinson and the Orioles.

Although he was aware that the Bastarnae were hardly likely to achieve the same success as Hannibal some 40 years earlier, and would most likely end up cut to pieces by the Romans, Philip hoped that the Romans would be distracted long enough to allow him to reoccupy his former possessions in Greece.

Although there are many ethical tenets in Buddhism that differ depending on whether one is a monk or a layman, and depending on individual schools, the Buddhist system of ethics can be summed up in the eightfold path:

Although hundreds of men dived into the sea to escape the flames, fewer than 100 survived the blast: approximately 70 survivors were picked up by British boats, including the wounded staff officer Léonard-Bernard Motard.

Although Captain Du Petit Thouars had lost both legs and an arm he remained in command, insisting on having the tricolour nailed to the mast to prevent it from being struck and giving orders from his position propped up on deck in a bucket of wheat.

Although its population remains a topic of research and debate, newly identified agricultural systems in the Angkor area may have supported up to one million people.

Although polls just a week before the election gave Arias a comfortable lead of at least 12 % ( and up to 20 %), preliminary election results gave him only a. 4 % lead over rival Ottón Solís and prompted a manual recount of all ballots.

Although the " self-important rhetoric and whines of persecution " on the part of cyberpunk fans were irritating at worst and humorous at best, Brin declares that the " rebels did shake things up.

Although the Meng and Shu families unsuccessfully besieged Hou, a loyalist official rose up with the people of Hou and forced Hou Fan to flee to the Qi state.

Although he wanted the opportunity to put his principles in practice, Confucius gave up on this idea in the end.

Although results did improve, Pardew was unable to keep Charlton up and relegation was confirmed in the penultimate match of the season.

Although never formally endorsed by CND nationally, INDEC candidates were generally put up by local CND groups as a means of raising the profile of this issue in public politics.

Although he was " awed " by Carl's " brilliance, his boyish chatter about stars and dinosaurs ", he took his son's inquisitiveness in stride, as part of his growing up.

Although extremely intelligent, Ed is still a child, and looks up to the crew of the Bebop as members of her family.

Although Cesare Borgia's father gave him the power to set up, Cesare ruled the Romagna with skill and tact for the most part.

Although most of the instruments built before the 1730s were small ( four octaves, four feet long ), the latest instruments were built up to seven feet long with a six octave range.