Although forms of brass have been in use since prehistory, its true nature as a copper-zinc alloy was not understood until the post medieval period because the zinc vapor which reacted with copper to make brass was not recognised as a metal.

Although innovated in the late medieval period, Thomism was dogmatized in the Renaissance.

Although any preservation of this knowledge in literary sources from the Middle Ages is unknown, medieval masons and some military engineers maintained an active tradition of using hydraulic cement in structures such as canals, fortresses, harbors, and shipbuilding facilities.

Although derived from the Latin word feodum or feudum ( fief ), then in use, the term feudalism and the system it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people living in the medieval period.

Although high level of stylization, mystical appeal, and surreal elegance were often preferred over realism ( such as in shan shui style ), beginning with the medieval Song Dynasty there were many Chinese painters then and afterwards who depicted scenes of nature that were vividly real.

Although Arthur himself played a minor role in some of these works, following in the medieval romance tradition, Tennyson's Arthurian work reached its peak of popularity with Idylls of the King, which reworked the entire narrative of Arthur's life for the Victorian era.

Although the " Arthur of romance " was sometimes central to these new Arthurian works ( as he was in Burne-Jones's The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon, 1881 – 1898 ), on other occasions he reverted back to his medieval status and is either marginalised or even missing entirely, with Wagner's Arthurian operas providing a notable instance of the latter.

Although now extensively damaged, these share the same style as the great hall ; this would have unified the appearance of Gaunt's palace in a distinct break from the more eclectic medieval tradition of design.

Although some of the miniatures are framed by simple rectangles with corners embellished by the golden castles and lions of Castile and León, other are framed by medieval Spanish architectural motifs, including Gothic and Mudéjar arcades of columns and arches.

Although the political structure in western Europe had changed, the divide is not as extensive as some historians have claimed., they were only made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most important of human activities ".

Although the increased use of bank notes and the use of credit during this period did decrease the dependence and value of precious metals, these forms of currency still remained vital to the story of medieval mining.

Although extensively bombed by Soviet air forces during the latter stages of World War II, much of the medieval Old Town still retains its charm.

Although it was from him that the medieval Norwegian dynasty descended, his historical importance has been obscured by the treatment of Harald Fairhair and St Olaf ( Olaf Haraldsson ) in medieval writings.

Although there are problems with writing a satisfactory biography of many medieval people, the problems with Wallace are greater than usual.

Although paper had been known as a wrapping and padding material in China since the 2nd century BC, the first documented use of toilet paper in human history dates back to the 6th century AD, in early medieval China.

Although it was built as a family home its design was that of a medieval castle.

Although the Falles is a very traditional event and many participants dress in medieval clothing, the ninots for 2005 included such modern characters as Shrek and George W. Bush, and the 2012 Falles included characters like Barack Obama and Lady Gaga.

Although the wolf was a feared creature in medieval times, it was also respected.

" Although there is no special reason to doubt the accuracy of this information, it should always be borne in mind that the sagas embody the literary preoccupations of writers and audiences in medieval Iceland, and they cannot always be treated as reliable sources for the history of Norse Greenland.

Although even in Modern Orthodox circles there are some Rabbis ( e. g. Professor Marc Shapiro ) that point out the numerous rabbinic sources from the Talmudic, Post-Talmudic, and medieval ages that claim that there were some changes to the text, which include whole verses, that were made deliberately during the Mishnaic era, and even during the times of the first temple.

The various Eucharistic liturgies used by national churches of the Anglican Communion have continuously evolved from the 1549 and 1552 editions of the Book of Common Prayer which both owed their form and contents chiefly to the work of Thomas Cranmer, who had rejected the medieval theology of the Mass in about 1547 Although the 1549 rite retained the traditional sequence of the mass, its underlying theology was Protestant.

Although it was presented to the world in 1965 with an accompanying scholarly book written by British Museum and Yale University librarians, historians of geography and medieval document specialists began to suspect that it might be a fake as soon as photographs of it became available, and chemical analyses have identified one of the major ink ingredients as a 20th-century artificial pigment.

Although estimates vary ( depending on how one counts compound or grouped windows ) approximately 152 of the original 176 stained glass windows survive – far more than any other medieval cathedral anywhere in the world.

Although medieval plays such as the Ludus Danielis, and Renaissance dialogue motets such as those of the Oltremontani had characteristics of an oratorio, the first oratorio is usually seen as Emilio de Cavalieri's Rappresentatione di Anima, et di Corpo.

Although older than both Boulton and Darwin, by 1758 Whitehurst was writing to Boulton telling excitedly of a pyrometer he had built, and looking forward to visiting Birmingham " to spend one day with you in trying all necessary experiments ".

Although neither Priestley nor Watt were to move to Birmingham for several years, both were to be in constant communication with the Birmingham members and central to the circle's activities from 1767.

Although there were four performances between September 1918 and October 1920, they were all either private ( the first performance, in London ) or incomplete ( two others in London and one in Birmingham ).

Although no Interstate highway passes through Rome, it is the second largest city, after Gadsden, Alabama, near the center of the triangular area defined by the Interstate highways between Atlanta, Birmingham and Chattanooga, which contributes to its importance as a regional center in several areas, such as medical care and education.

Although the town was only a few miles from the main London to Birmingham line it took until 1888 before a branch line was built from Weedon to Daventry railway station.

Although the earliest beginnings of the University were previously traced back to the Birmingham Medical School which is linked to William Sands Cox in his aim of creating a medical school along strictly Christian lines, unlike the London medical schools.

Although the canal reached the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal at Fazeley, the final Parliament-approved stretch to the Trent and Mersey at Fradley was not finished until 1789.

Although ATV had purpose-built a modern colour production complex in the centre of Birmingham many of its major productions were recorded at its main studios at Elstree, near London, a legacy of when the company also served London at the weekends prior to 1968.

Although there was heavy opposition, the role of presentation and transmission at Birmingham had been significantly reduced after network presentation was centralised to LNN in London in 2002 and so there was an inevitability that this function would be moved out.

Although late in the 1960s, not long after the first stretch of the M40 opened, the Ministry of Transport announced the possibility of building a motorway to link London with Birmingham as an alternative to the M1-M6 routeas well as improving road links to the South Coast ports for The Midlandsit was not until 1983 that the decision to extend the M40 from Oxford to the south of Birmingham was made.

Although Shreveport was far smaller than Birmingham, the Pirates had managed to attract a fairly consistent and numerous fan base.

Although the television screen was only temporary, another " Big Screen " was erected on the corner of the building in Chamberlain Square facing Birmingham Central Library, which broadcast live from the television channel BBC One.

Although this was reported to have been sold in 2007 to a Star Trek fan from Birmingham for £ 425, 000, the deal fell through and as of 2011 the flat is still in Alleyne's possession and is reported to not be for sale.

Although having a slightly smaller percentage of the vote than the neighbouring East Midlands, the geographic area of the West Midlands is more Conservative, due to Labour's vote now consigned to the urban areas of Birmingham, Coventry, Telford and Stoke-on-Trent.

Although the company's finances remained weak, it built a number of short branches, and, although a minor player, its position made it a crucial part in revived plans for the Trent and Churnet valleys, which involved the London and Birmingham Railway with which they would compete.

Although the city lagged behind other parts of the country, Birmingham finally gained a polytechnic in 1971 — then the 27th in the UK — designated by the Education Secretary Margaret Thatcher as the City of Birmingham Polytechnic.

Although smaller buildings were subsequently constructed, this is largely the Perry Barr campus as it remains today ( now called the City North Campus of Birmingham City University ).

Although this effort failed, the efforts to establish such a society increased tensions in Birmingham.

Although he had been forced to send troops to Birmingham to quell the disturbances, King George III commented, " I cannot but feel better pleased that Priestley is the sufferer for the doctrines he and his party have instilled, and that the people see them in their true light.

Although Dr Dale did not preach politics, he was a keen Liberal and worked with other Birmingham reformers and radicals including Joseph Chamberlain, Kendrick, Jesse Collings, George Dixon and John Bright.

Although fifteen to twenty weavers, dyers and fullers have been identified in Birmingham up to 1347, this is not a significantly greater number of cloth-workers than that found in surrounding villages and at least some of the cloth sold on the Birmingham market had rural origins.