Although americium was likely produced in previous nuclear experiments, it was first intentionally synthesized, isolated and identified in late autumn 1944, at the University of California, Berkeley by Glenn T. Seaborg, Leon O. Morgan, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso.

Although gold has an atomic number of 79, immediately after Rutherford's paper appeared in 1911 Antonius Van den Broek made the intuitive suggestion that atomic number is nuclear charge.

Although very small amounts of berkelium were possibly produced in previous nuclear experiments, it was first intentionally synthesized, isolated and identified in December 1949 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso and Stanley G. Thompson.

Although water is vital for life, the structure of this water in the cytosol is not well understood, mostly because methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance only give information on the average structure of water, and cannot measure local variations at the microscopic scale.

Although the Committee was supported by many in CND, it has been suggested that the campaign against nuclear weapons was weakened by the friction between the two organisations.

Although EDF claimed that a security firm had only been employed to monitor Greenpeace, the court disagreed, jailing the head and deputy head of EDF's nuclear security operation for three years each.

Although Nautilus-X is adaptable to a variety of mission-specific propulsion units of various low-thrust, high specific impulse ( I < sub > sp </ sub >) designs, nuclear ion-electric drive is shown for illustrative purposes.

Although these interventions in the public debate on nuclear power are recent, his views on it are longstanding.

Although normally associated with nuclear weapons, some conventionally armed ballistic missiles are in service, such as ATACMS.

Although her economy and technology could not have supported it, Nigeria announced to a bewildered international community that she was launching a nuclear program of " unlimited scope " of her own.

Although nuclear fission reactors are often thought of as being solely a product of modern technology, the first nuclear fission reactors were in fact naturally occurring.

" Although an all-out final nuclear holocaust is out of the question for man, " nuclear blackmail " comes into question not only on the issue of world peace but also on the issue of national sovereignty.

Although the Sun produces Gamma rays as a result of the nuclear fusion process, these super high energy photons are converted to lower energy photons before they reach the Sun's surface and are emitted out into space.

Although nuclear fusion research began soon after World War II, the programs in various countries were each initially classified as secret.

Although by the mid-1960s Canberras and the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm were able to deliver nuclear weapons, their carrying power was insignificant compared to the 180 Victor and Vulcan bombers.

Although subsequently relieved of their role as the deliverer of the UK strategic nuclear deterrent, the Vulcan squadrons continued to serve with the same WE. 177B weapon in a low-level penetration role assigned to SACEUR for use in a tactical role in Europe.

Although government labs research the same areas as industry, they also study a myriad of other issues such as nuclear fuels and nuclear fuel cycles, advanced reactor designs, and nuclear weapon design and maintenance.

Although these weapons were much smaller ( 300 kiloton or 1. 3 PJ ) than the Starfish Prime test, since those tests were done over a populated large land mass ( and also at a location where the Earth's magnetic field was greater ), the damage caused by the resulting EMP was reportedly much greater than in the Starfish Prime nuclear test.

Although the film followed the story rather closely ( except for the lack of references to Venus, Titan, flying cars, skull phones, temporary marriages, time-distortion drugs, nuclear wars and governmental " Schedules ") it was not successful with either the critics or the public.

Although Israel does not officially confirm or deny having nuclear weapons, the country is widely believed to be in possession of them.

Although the Taylor Scale was designed as a group testing device, in this study it was individually administered by psychologically trained workers who established rapport and assisted the children in reading the items.

Although game reports and social reactions are common parts of many A & E contributions, it has also, over the years, become a testing ground for new ideas on the development of the RPG as a genre and an art form.

Although testing medical interventions for efficacy has existed since the time of Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine in the 11th century, it was only in the 20th century that this effort evolved to impact almost all fields of health care and policy.

Although theories of intelligence have been discussed by philosophers since Plato, intelligence testing is an invention of educational psychology, and is coincident with the development of that discipline.

: Although there are no universal standards for the design or testing of trigger locks, some jurisdictions, such as the state of California, maintain a list of approved trigger lock devices.

Although Greenpeace had stated that efficiency was its primary concern, as early as 2001, statements from March and April 2005 also continued to express concern over human health and environmental safety Greenpeace has opposed releasing golden rice to fields as opposed to farming in greenhouses, which according to golden rice developer Ingo Potrykus, limits the amount of material needed for human safety testing.

Their theories live or die based on internal consistency and, one hopes, eventual laboratory testing .” Although he believes there's little hope that will ever be possible, he grants that the theories on which the speculation is based, are not without scientific merit.

Although tiltrotors such as the Focke-Achgelis Fa 269 of the mid-1940s and the Centro Técnico Aeroespacial " Convertiplano " of the 1950s reached testing or mock-up stages, the V-22 Osprey is considered the world's first production tiltrotor aircraft.

Although some rice strains produce beta-carotene in the hull, no non-genetically engineered strains have been found that produce beta-carotene in the kernel, despite the testing of thousands of strains.

Although the project was canceled before testing in 1992 by the incoming Clinton Administration, the design was thought to achieve thrust-to-weight ratios of 30: 1 and specific impulses of at least 1000 seconds.

Although this may be done through manual testing procedures using programming techniques, it is often done using automated testing tools.

Although most common in medicine, CT is also used in other fields, such as nondestructive materials testing.

Although thalidomide was never approved for sale in the United States at the time, millions of tablets had been distributed to physicians during a clinical testing program.

Although quantum mechanics has held up to rigorous and thorough experimental testing, many of these experiments are open to different interpretations.

Although Congress refused to ratify the CTBT in 1999, the United States has adhered to the spirit of the treaty by maintaining a moratorium on nuclear testing since 1992.

Although according to a 2010 report is required by law within a certain number of countries to continue with animal testing.

Although lighting was still in testing by 1938 ( with State Highway Route 24 as a test highway ), Route 26 still had a high night accident rate, urging further actions for lighting the new roadway.

" Although a Human Effects Advisory Panel was established in 1998 to provide independent assessment on human effects, data, and models for the use of ' non-lethal weapons ' on the general population, the TECOM Technology Symposium in 1997 concluded on non-lethal weapons: " Determining the target effects on personnel is the greatest challenge to the testing community ," primarily because " the potential of injury and death severely limits human tests.

Although colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are still employed, stool testing for the presence of Clostridium difficile toxins is now often the first-line diagnostic approach.

Although those secondary acts wouldn't achieve the level of success Mecano gained, they turned out to be new testing grounds for Mecano.

Although software tools are available for testing hardware stability, it is generally impossible for any private individual to thoroughly test the functionality of a processor.

Although the STS-2 mission had been planned for a duration of five days, with a few hours a day spent testing the Canadarm, the flight was cut short when one of the three fuel cells that produce electricity and drinking water failed.

Although the Soviet military was aware these claims were false, Brezhnev believed them and ordered a resumption of IS testing along with a Shuttle of their own.