Although in the Byzantine Empire the organized practice of medicine never ceased ( see Byzantine medicine ), the revival of methodical medical instruction from standard texts in the west can be traced to the church-run Schola Medica Salernitana in Southern Italy in the Eleventh century.

Although not released as a single, " The Eleventh Commandment " was made into a music video, which featured a number for a child abuse hotline at the end.

Although Eleventh Air Force was engaged in combat during the Aleutian Campaign, the command also supported the Lend-Lease transport of aircraft though Alaska to the Soviet Union by Air Transport Command beginning in September 1942.

Although the Sixth Amendment mandates the right to a jury trial in any criminal prosecution, the vast majority of criminal cases in the United States are resolved by the plea-bargaining process.

Although it is not explicitly protected in the First Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled, in NAACP v. Alabama,, freedom of association to be a fundamental right protected by it.

Although there is little doubt that the writers of the Second Amendment were heavily influenced by the English Bill of Rights, it is a matter of interpretation as to whether they were intent on preserving the power to regulate arms to the states over the federal government ( as the English Parliament had reserved for itself against the monarch ) or whether it was intent on creating a new right akin to the right of others written into the Constitution ( as the Supreme Court recently decided ).

Although on the basis of history and precedent the Sixth Amendment mandates unanimity in a federal jury trial, the Supreme Court has ruled that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, while requiring States to provide jury trials for serious crimes, does not incorporate all the elements of a jury trial within the meaning of the Sixth Amendment and does not require jury unanimity.

Although the Sixteenth Amendment is often cited as the " source " of the Congressional power to tax incomes, at least one court has reiterated the point made in Brushaber and other cases that the Sixteenth Amendment itself did not grant the Congress the power to tax incomes, a power the Congress had since 1789, but only removed the possible requirement that any income tax be apportioned among the states according to their respective populations.

Although the initial draft did not require a jury for civil cases, this led to an uproar which was followed by the Seventh Amendment, which requires a civil jury in cases where the value in dispute is greater than twenty dollars.

Although it is now well settled law that the 14th Amendment extends to corporations, the extent to which it should attach to corporations has continued to draw criticism from liberal legal theorists.

Although the Nineteenth Amendment had prohibited the denial of the right to vote because of a person's sex, Alice Paul, a suffragist leader, argued that this right alone would not end remaining vestiges of legal discrimination based upon sex.

Although the Court did not specify whether the Twenty-first Amendment could provide an exception to any other constitutional protections outside of the Commerce Clause, it acknowledged " the relevance of the Twenty-first Amendment to other constitutional provisions becomes increasingly doubtful.

Although Byrd supported Congressional acceptance of the amendment, he contended that Wilson had deviated from " historic tradition " by not waiting for Congress to consider the validity of the ratification, given the more than 202-year lapse since the Amendment had been proposed.

Although the Supreme Court has never explicitly overruled the Dred Scott case, the Court stated in the Slaughter-House Cases that at least one part of it had already been overruled by the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, which begins by stating, " All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

Although an " Anti-Miscegenation Amendment " to the United States Constitution was proposed in 1871, in 1912 – 1913, and in 1928, no nation-wide law against racially mixed marriages was ever enacted.

Although many advocated annexation, this was prevented by the Teller Amendment, which states " hereby disclaims any disposition of intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island except for pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people.

Although the 14th Amendment was passed to protect newly freed slaves in the South, the language of Section 1 is not racially limited.

Although many deterrent workhouse s developed in the period after the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 | New Poor Law, some had already been built under the existing system.

Although the Clark Amendment forbid U. S. involvement in the civil war, Secretary Haig told Savimbi in December 1981 that the U. S. would continue to provide assistance to UNITA.

Although the Provincial Commissioners had been told about the change on 11 January, it was not until 20 May that the Native Tax Amendment Ordinance was signed, with rates implemented as of the previous 1 January.

Although Kelley has been called " the consummate gossip monger, a vehicle for all the rumor and innuendo surrounding her illustrious subjects " she maintains, " I am an unabashed admirer of transparency and believe in the freedom guaranteed by the First Amendment ", and, to that end, her writing is about " moving an icon out of the moonlight and into the sunlight ".

Although freedom of speech is protected by law in most democratic societies ( in US this is done by First Amendment ) that does not include all types of speech.

Although he is considered by many as an ardent conservative, he has distanced himself from the majority in his party by supporting earmarks and opposing the Flag Desecration Amendment.

Although the laws of the various states, in general, specify the situs of property, i.e., residence or domicile of the owner, or location of the property, the exceptions regarding boats, airplanes, mobile homes, etc., seem to add to the uncertainty of the proper origination point for assessment.

Although we are still far from a complete understanding of these problems, as a first approximation, it is suggested that alterations in the hypothalamic balance with consequent changes in the hypothalamic-cortical discharges account for major changes in behavior seen in various moods and states of emotions in man and beast under physiological circumstances, in experimental and clinical neurosis, and as the result of psychopharmacological agents.

Although Lincoln believed it was not within Congress's power to free the slaves within the states, he approved the bill in deference to the legislature.

Although clubs from other states were at times invited, the final was almost always between the premiers from the two strongest state competitions of the time — South Australia and Victoria — and the majority of matches were played in Adelaide at the request of the SAFA / SAFL.

Although Tasmanian AFL Bid has been ongoing, the AFL's focus has become gaining marketshare in lucrative and broadcasting rights in two populous Australian states, introducing clubs on the Gold Coast, Queensland ( Gold Coast Football Club ) and in Greater Western Sydney ( Greater Western Sydney Football Club ).

Although the Bahamas participates in the political aspects of the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ), it has not entered into joint economic initiatives with other Caribbean states.

" Although his answer is given merely as su eipas ( thou hast said it ), the Gospel of Mark states the answer as ego eimi ( I am ) and there are instances from Jewish literature in which the expression, " thou hast said it ", is equivalent to " you are right ".

Although many states rose and fell, the most important and durable of the empires were Kanem-Bornu, Baguirmi, and Ouaddai, according to most written sources ( mainly court chronicles and writings of Arab traders and travelers ).

Although female roles were performed by castrati in some of the papal states, this was increasingly rare ; by 1680, they had supplanted " normal " male voices in lead roles, and retained their position as primo uomo for about a hundred years ; an Italian opera not featuring at least one renowned castrato in a lead part would be doomed to fail.

Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, over 60 % of the world's population live in countries where executions take place, such as the People's Republic of China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia, the four most-populous countries in the world, which continue to apply the death penalty ( although in India, Indonesia and in many US states it is rarely employed ).

Although it is usually translated as " element ", the Chinese word xing literally means something like " changing states of being ", " permutations " or " metamorphoses of being ".

Although no country has adopted Esperanto officially, Esperanto was recommended by the French Academy of Sciences in 1921 and recognized in 1954 by UNESCO ( which later, in 1985, also recommended it to its member states ).

Although generally called a war novel, the author states that he " see The Time in Between as a war novel ".

Although Scheler later criticised Husserl's idealistic logical approach and proposed instead a " phenomenology of love ", he states that he remained " deeply indebted " to Husserl throughout his work.

Although the European Parliament has legislative power that the Council and Commission do not possess, it does not formally possess legislative initiative, as most national parliaments of European Union member states do.

Although the Nihon Shoki states that Nintoku ruled from 313 – 399, modern research suggests those dates are likely inaccurate.

Although many states censor communications to different extents, they all share one commonality in that a body must decide what information to censor and what information to allow.

Although anxious to relieve serious hardships for divided families and to reduce friction, Brandt's Ostpolitik was intent on holding to its concept of " two German states in one German nation.

Although the Holy See, as distinct from the Vatican City State, does not fulfil the long-established criteria in international law of statehood — having a permanent population, a defined territory, a stable government and the capacity to enter into relations with other states — its possession of full legal personality in international law is shown by the fact that it maintains diplomatic relations with 179 states, that it is a member-state in various intergovernmental international organizations, and that it is: " respected by the international community of sovereign States and treated as a subject of international law having the capacity to engage in diplomatic relations and to enter into binding agreements with one, several, or many states under international law that are largely geared to establish and preserving peace in the world.

Although it was an accepted part of Hadrian's personal history that he was born in Spain, his biography in Augustan History states that he was born in Rome on 24 January AD 76, of a family originally Italian, but which had lived in Spain for many generations.

Although such a disaster did not fall under the duties of the Commerce Department, the governors of six states along the Mississippi specifically asked for Herbert Hoover in the emergency.

Although the Coalition was joined by other allies, the French Empire was also not alone since it now had a complex network of allies and submitted states.

Although residents of most U. S. states typically adopt a derivative of the state name, e. g., " Indianan " or " Indianian ", natives of Indiana do not tend to use these derivatives.