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Although the existence of molecules has been accepted by many chemists since the early 19th century as a result of Dalton's laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions ( 1803 – 1808 ) and Avogadro's law ( 1811 ), there was some resistance among positivists and physicists such as Mach, Boltzmann, Maxwell, and Gibbs, who saw molecules merely as convenient mathematical constructs.
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Although and existence
Although the theological forms of the past continue to exist in a way they do not in a more secularized situation, the striking thing is the rapidity with which they are being reduced to a marginal existence.
Although Zermelo's fix allows a class to describe arbitrary ( possibly " large ") entities, these predicates of the meta-language may have no formal existence ( i. e., as a set ) within the theory.
Although there is disagreement as to whether the dynasty actually existed, there is some archaeological evidence pointing to its possible existence.
Although written records found at Anyang confirm the existence of the Shang dynasty, Western scholars are often hesitant to associate settlements that are contemporaneous with the Anyang settlement with the Shang dynasty.
Although Kronecker had conceded, Hilbert would later respond to others ' similar criticisms that " many different constructions are subsumed under one fundamental idea " — in other words ( to quote Reid ): " Through a proof of existence, Hilbert had been able to obtain a construction "; " the proof " ( i. e. the symbols on the page ) was " the object ".
Although the existence of dark matter is generally accepted by the mainstream scientific community, several alternative theories have been proposed to try to explain the anomalies for which dark matter is intended to account.
Although Euclid's statement of the postulates only explicitly asserts the existence of the constructions, they are also taken to be unique.
" Although such similarities have given rise to arguments for the existence of a standardized system of urban layout and planning, the similarities are largely due to the presence of a semi-orthogonal type of civic layout, and a comparison of the layouts of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa shows that they are in fact, arranged in a quite dissimilar fashion.
Although traditional Judaism had adopted some features of Kabbalah, it adapted them to fit its own system: it added to its own ritualism the asceticism of the " practical kabbalists " just across the eastern borders in the ancient Greek and Anatolian Jewish communities under the Ottoman Empire, who saw the essence of earthly existence only in fasting, in penance, and in spiritual sadness.
Although now a strong opponent of Israel's existence, Hamas has been called " Israel's creation.
Although it predicts the existence of a triple critical point, it does not successfully predict its value.
Although individual experiments, such as the set of solar neutrino experiments, are consistent with non-oscillatory mechanisms of neutrino flavor conversion, taken altogether, neutrino experiments imply the existence of neutrino oscillations.
Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century.
Although Simpson allowed for the existence of stasis in what he called the bradytelic mode, Simpson considered it ( along with rapid evolution ) to be insignificant in the larger scope of evolution.
Although both the exclusivist and the pluralist may agree on the existence of religious or spiritual reality, the pluralist recognizes that this reality is expressed in different cultures and by different people in different ways.
Although Somalia has had no central monetary authority for upwards of 15 years between the outbreak of the civil war in 1991 and the subsequent re-establishment of the Central Bank of Somalia in 2009, the nation's payment system is actually fairly advanced due primarily to the widespread existence of private money transfer operators ( MTO ) that have acted as informal banking networks.
Although pluralism recognizes the existence of inequality, it asserts that all groups have an opportunity to pressure the state.
Although most council communists felt the Russian Revolution was working class in character, they believed that the Soviet Union was a state capitalist country, with the state replacing the individual capitalists ( an additional argument in favour of that was the continued existence of capitalist relations, as manifested e. g. in the New Economic Policy ).
Although the existence of WIMPs in nature is hypothetical at this point, it would resolve a number of astrophysical and cosmological problems related to dark matter.
Although he never explicitly exposed it, Durkheim adopted a realist perspective in order to demonstrate the existence of social realities outside the individual and to show that these realities existed in the form of the objective relations of society.
Although 3G ALE is more reliable and has significantly enhanced channel-time efficiency, the existence of a large installed base of 2G ALE radio systems and the wide availability of moderately priced ( often military surplus ) equipment, has made 2G the baseline standard for global interoperability.
Although never seen, dialogue in Deep Space Nine indicates the existence of portable transporters, though the Next Generation episode " Timescape " features emergency transporter armbands ( although these may have served only to activate a remote transporter ).
Although the chaplain persists in attempting to lead Meursault from his atheism, Meursault finally accosts him in a rage, with a climactic outburst on his frustrations and the absurdity of the human condition ; his personal anguish at the meaninglessness of his existence without respite.
Although no scientific studies give credibility to the existence of indigo children or their traits, the phenomenon appeals to some parents whose children have been diagnosed with learning disabilities and to parents seeking to believe that their children are special.
Although and molecules
Although the fatty protein molecules, carried in the blood and partly composed of cholesterol, are water soluble, cholesterol itself is insoluble, and cannot be destroyed by the body.
Although the neutral ground-state chemical compounds of argon are presently limited to HArF, argon can form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.
Although hydrogen-like orbitals are still used as pedagogical tools, the advent of computers has made STOs preferable for atoms and diatomic molecules since combinations of STOs can replace the nodes in hydrogen-like atomic orbital.
Although all molecules that have the property of immunogenicity also have the property of antigenicity, the reverse is not true.
Although once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, multiple levels of organization exist in the cytosol.
Although each individual repeating unit is very small, DNA polymers can be very large molecules containing millions of nucleotides.
Although there are multiple ways of producing free hydrogen, those methods require converting combustible molecules into hydrogen or consuming electric energy.
Although this difference is trivial in bulk chemistry calculations, it can result in complete failure in situations where the behavior of individual molecules matters, such as in mass spectrometry and particle physics ( where the mixture of isotopes does not act as an average ).
Although smaller molecules simply diffuse through the pores, larger molecules may be recognized by specific signal sequences and then be diffused with the help of nucleoporins into or out of the nucleus.
Although the proteasome normally produces very short peptide fragments, in some cases these products are themselves biologically active and functional molecules.
Although nearly all of the ultraviolet spectrum of radiation is non-ionizing, at the same time ultraviolet radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than is accounted for by heating effects ( an example is sunburn ).
Although the two splicing mechanisms described below do not require any proteins to occur, 5 additional RNA molecules and over 50 proteins are used and hydrolyzes many ATP molecules.
Although theoretically possible, it is experimentally difficult to obtain atomic-resolution structures of complicated, asymmetric molecules from such rotationally averaged data.
Although most proteins must first be tagged with multiple ubiquitin molecules before they are bound and degraded by the proteasome, ODC degradation is instead mediated by several recognition sites on the protein and its accessory factor antizyme.
Although all acetylcholine receptors, by definition, respond to acetylcholine, they respond to other molecules as well.
Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go, in and out of the atmosphere.
Although these glycans are molecules that are difficult to synthesize in a reproducible way, owing to their complex structure, this new field of research is highly encouraging for the future.
Although it has many additional functions, thioredoxin reductase restores vitamin C and E as well as a number of other important antioxidant molecules back into their reduced forms, enabling them to counteract oxidative damage within body cells.
Although glucose absorption from the gut is not typically a source of glucose appearance during exercise, the liver is capable of catabolizing stored glycogen ( glycogenolysis ) as well as synthesizing new glucose from specific reduced carbon molecules ( glycerol, pyruvate, and lactate ) in a process called gluconeogenesis.
Although the costume was made of regular materials instead of using the alien materials that accounts for the special abilities of the other Power Pack costumes, Franklin's father has modified the " Tattletale " costume using unstable molecules.
Although almost all heterotrophs cannot synthesize complete organic molecules from carbon dioxide, some carbon dioxide is incorporated in their metabolism.
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