The Dictionary of Politics: Selected American and Foreign Political and Legal Terms defines the term Alford plea as: " A plea under which a defendant may choose to plead guilty, not because of an admission to the crime, but because the prosecutor has sufficient evidence to place a charge and to obtain conviction in court.

The American Journal of Legal History, Vol.

Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it, have reached American courts.

There are different definitions of legal insanity, such as the M ' Naghten Rules, the Durham Rule, the American Legal Institute definition, and various miscellaneous provisions ( e. g., relating to lack of mens rea ).

Legal realism was a view popular with some Scandinavian and American writers.

It has become quite common today to identify Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., as the main precursor of American Legal Realism ( other influences include

* American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy

American Negotiating Behavior: Wheeler-Dealers, Legal Eagles, Bullies, and Preachers ( United States Institute of Peace Press, 2010 ); 357 pages ; identifies four mindsets in the negotiation behavior of policy makers and diplomats ; draws on interviews with more than 50 practitioners

* Legal realism was a view popular with some Scandinavian and American writers.

* Robert S. Summers, Instrumentalism and American Legal Theory ( Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982 ).

* Alexander Tsesis, The Thirteenth Amendment and American Freedom: A Legal History ( 2004 )

The Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund ( MALDEF ) opposed.

" It was also listed as Number 4 of 25 " Greatest Legal Movies " by the American Bar Association.

* Moral Majority Legal Defense Fund – the organization ’ s legal instrument, used primarily to challenge the American Civil Liberties Union and secular humanist issues in court.

* American College of History and Legal Studies

Another program in the Bronx in New York City requires public defenders to undergo training and provides defendants with “ holistic training .” Recently the American Bar Association and the National Legal Aid and Defender Association set minimum training requirements, caseload levels, and experience requirements for its lawyers.

* Alexa E. Albert, David Lee Warner, and Robert A. Hatcher: " Facilitating Condom Use with Clients during Commercial Sex in Nevada's Legal Brothels ", American Journal of Public Health, 88 ( 4 ), 1998, pages 643 – 646, online abstract

* Jeffrey K. Sawyer, " Benefit of Clergy in Maryland and Virginia ", American Journal of Legal History 34, no.

He has been honored with awards from the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, the Association for Asian Pacific American Artists, the Museum of Chinese in the Americas, the East West Players, the Organization of Chinese Americans, the Media Action Network for Asian Americans, the Center for Migration Studies, the Asian American Resource Workshop, the China Institute, and the New York Foundation for the Arts.

The Christian Legal Society ( CLS ) is an American non-profit, non-denominational organization of Christian lawyers, judges, law professors, and law students whose members profess to follow the " commandment of Jesus " to " do justice with the love of God.

* Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund Special Registration Report

In 1995, the Washington Blade won a Silver Gavel award from the American Bar Association for a four-part series of articles entitled " Legal Challenges to Anti-Gay Initiatives " which explored the legal consequences of anti-gay ballot initiatives and the constitutional challenges to them.

On April 30, 2012, by mutual agreement, the American Bar Association and the American Law Institute chose to move forward separately in their CLE efforts, with the abundant intellectual content and cutting-edge technology of ALI-ABA being absorbed into the CLE group of ALI, now known as The American Law Institute Continuing Legal Education Group ( ALI CLE.

In 1941, Eli Siegel, American philosopher and poet, founded Aesthetic Realism, the philosophy that reality itself is aesthetic, and that " The world, art, and self explain each other: each is the aesthetic oneness of opposites.

It is in fact jarring to find the champion of American prose Realism, William Dean Howells, introducing Pastels in Prose ( 1890 ), a volume of French prose-poems translated by Stuart Merrill and containing a Paul Margueritte pantomime, The Death of Pierrot, with words of warm praise ( and even congratulations to each poet for failing “ to saddle his reader with a moral ”).

The philosophy of Common Sense Realism was especially influential in 19th century American thought and religion.

Opening October 31, 1962, Willem de Kooning's New York art dealer, the Sidney Janis Gallery, organized the groundbreaking International Exhibition of the New Realists, a survey of new to the scene American Pop, French, Swiss, Italian New Realism, and British Pop art.

" Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction.

" Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction.

" Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction.

Maggie Ann Bowers argues that it first emerged in the 1955 essay " Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction " by critic Angel Flores.

" Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction.

" Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction.

Several separate and related movements began and developed during the Great Depression including American scene painting, Regionalism, and Social Realism.

Realism also influenced American drama of the period, in part through the works of Howells but also through the works of such Europeans as Ibsen and Zola.

* John Wilde ( 1919 – 2006 ), American painter associated with Magic Realism

Within the framework of Christian Realism, Niebuhr became a supporter of American action in World War II, anti-communism, and the development of nuclear weapons.

The Making of American Liberal Theology: Idealism, Realism, and Modernity 1900-1950 ( 2003 ) excerpt and text search

* Rosenthal, Joel H. Righteous Realists: Political Realism, Responsible Power, and American Culture in the Nuclear Age.

Although the intellectual origins of the Critical Legal Studies ( CLS ) can be generally traced to American Legal Realism, as a distinct scholarly movement CLS fully emerged only in the late 1970s.

Unlike Classical legal thought, American Legal Realism worked vigorously to depict the institution of law without denying or distorting a picture of sharp moral, political, and social conflict.

The most important legacy of American Legal Realism is its challenge to the Classical legal claim that legal reasoning was separate and autonomous from moral and political discourse.

However, American Legal Realism expressed a set of sometimes self contradictory tendencies rather than a clear body of tenets or a rigorous set of methodologies or propositions about legal theory.

Consequently, the scope of the American Legal Realist movement has been difficult to define, and the most useful definition of American Legal Realism must be broad and generous.

* Brian Leiter, American Legal Realism, in The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory ( W. Edmundson & M. Golding, eds., 2003 )