Amino acids (,, or ) are biologically important molecules made from amine (- NH < sub > 2 </ sub >) and carboxylic acid (- COOH ) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid.

Amino acids are usually classified by the properties of their side-chain into four groups.

Amino acids also exist as zwitterions in the solid phase, and crystallize with salt-like properties unlike typical organic acids or amines.

Amino acids have zero mobility in electrophoresis at their isoelectric point, although this behaviour is more usually exploited for peptides and proteins than single amino acids.

Amino acids are the structural units that make up proteins.

Amino acids can be joined together via a peptide bond.

Amino acids that share the same biosynthetic pathway tend to have the same first base in their codons.

Amino acids with similar physical properties tend to have similar codons.

Amino acids that make up proteins may be positive, negative, neutral, or polar in nature, and together give a protein its overall charge.

Amino acids are natural monomers that polymerize at ribosomes to form proteins.

* Amino acids: glutamate, aspartate, D-serine, γ-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ), glycine

Amino acids are also an important dietary source of nitrogen.

Amino acids which have been incorporated into a peptide are termed " residues "; every peptide has a N-terminus and C-terminus residue on the ends of the peptide ( except for cyclic peptides ).

Amino acids are selected, collected and carried to the ribosome by transfer RNA ( tRNA molecules ), which enter one part of the ribosome and bind to the messenger RNA chain.

Amino acids vary in their ability to form the various secondary structure elements.

Amino acids that prefer to adopt helical conformations in proteins include methionine, alanine, leucine, glutamate and lysine (" MALEK " in amino-acid 1-letter codes ); by contrast, the large aromatic residues ( tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine ) and-branched amino acids ( isoleucine, valine, and threonine ) prefer to adopt β-strand conformations.

Amino acids are the best-known examples of zwitterions.

Amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, the folded protein ( the right hand side of the figure ), known as the native state.

* Amino acids and their salts:

Category: Amino acids

Key: Single letters: Amino acid # Table of standard amino acid abbreviations and side chain properties | amino acids.

Amino acids can be Stickland acceptors, Stickland donors, or act as both donor and acceptor.

Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score ( PDCAAS ) is a method of evaluating the protein quality based on both the amino acid requirements of humans and their ability to digest it.

Amino acids containing a secondary amine group ( the only proteinogenic amino acid of this type is proline ) are sometimes named imino acids, though this usage is disputed by some.

Amino acid composition

Amino acid, sugar, fatty acid particles, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes and water are small enough to soak into the villi of the jejunum and drop into the blood stream.

Category: Amino acid metabolism disorders

Catabolism of proteinogenic amino acid s. Amino acids are classified according the abilities of their products to enter gluconeogenesis: < li > Glucogenic amino acids have this ability < li > Ketogenic amino acids do not.

# REDIRECT Amino acid

Amino acid content can be predictive of an α-helical region.

** Amino acid synthesis, the synthesis of an amino acid from its constituents *

Amino acid residues that are responsible for the binding of SP and its antagonists are present in the extracellular loops and transmembrane regions of NK-1.

# Amino acid disorders ( 14 disorders, including PKU and MSUD )

Amino acid analyses of control hair when compared with those of patients with the Sabinas syndrome showed very striking differences with regard to content of sulphur amino acids.

* Amino acid tandem repeat

* EC 1. 4 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-NH < sub > 2 </ sub > group of donors ( Amino acid oxidoreductases, Monoamine oxidase )

Category: Amino acid metabolism disorders

Category: Amino acid metabolism disorders

* Amino acid response, the biochemical response of a mammalian cell starved of amino acids.

If there was radioactivity found in the sample that did not pass through the filter the corresponding Amino acid was added.

One of the first experiments by Dr. Fox and Kaoru Harada that had to do with the formation of proteinoids was called Thermal Copolymerization of Amino Acids to a Product Resembling Protein.

A recent study, by researchers in Peoria, IL, published in Pediatrics in 2008, demonstrated that using a higher rate of lipid ( fats and / or oils ) infusion for very low birth weight infants in the first week of life resulted in zero infants developing NEC in the experimental group, compared with 14 % with NEC in the control group ( They started the experimental group at 2 g / kg / d of 20 % IVFE and increased within two days to 3 g / kg / d ; Amino acids were started at 3 g / kg / d and increased to 3. 5 ).