Among the Turkmen leaders the Ottomans emerged as great power under Osman and his son Orhan I. Smyrna was conquered in 1330 AD, and the last Byzantine possession, Philadélphia ( modern Alaşehir ), fell in 1390 AD.

Among the scripts in modern use, the Hebrew alphabet bears the closest relation to the Imperial Aramaic script of the 5th century BCE, with an identical letter inventory and, for the most part, nearly identical letter shapes.

Among the most exciting recent archaeological discoveries in Greece is the recognition that the sanctuary site near the modern village of Kalapodi is not only the site of the oracle of Apollon at Abai but that it was in constant use for cult practices from early Mycenaean times to the Roman period.

Among the Baltic peoples are modern Lithuanians, Latvians ( including Latgalians ) — all Eastern Balts — as well as the Prussians, Yotvingians and Galindians — the Western Balts — whose languages and cultures are now extinct.

Among modern humans, cannibalism has been practiced by various groups.

Among the official changes to the organization during the modern area include the ordination of black men to the priesthood in 1978, reversing a policy originally instituted by Brigham Young.

Among the more famous regiments in the lineages of modern Indian and Pakistani Armies are: The charge of the 21st Lancers at Battle of Omdurman | Omdurman

Among the first manufacturers of modern cornets were Parisian Jean Asté in 1828.

Among the chief ecclesiastical centres named in the records are Dunkeld, probably seat of the bishop of the kingdom, and Cell Rígmonaid ( modern St Andrews ).

Among these were some surprisingly sophisticated principles, and a modern mathematician might be hard put to derive some of them without the use of calculus.

Among modern critics of the theory of Great Man one should mention Sidney Hook, whose book The Hero in History is devoted to the role of the hero and in history and influence of the outstanding persons.

Among modern languages, cases still feature prominently in most of the Balto-Slavic languages, with most having six to eight cases, as well as Icelandic, German and Modern Greek, which have four.

Among these was the Maison " Citrohan ", a pun on the name of the French Citroën automaker, for the modern industrial methods and materials Le Corbusier advocated using for the house.

Among modern scholars it is a matter of debate whether the Aztec narratives of Toltec history should be given credence as descriptions of actual historical events.

Among the earliest evidence of the game are fragments of a pottery board and several rock cuts found in Aksumite Ethiopia in Matara ( now in Eritrea ) and Yeha ( in Ethiopia ), which are dated by archaeologists to between the 6th and 7th century AD ; the game may have been mentioned by Giyorgis of Segla in his 14th century Ge ' ez text " Mysteries of Heaven and Earth ," where he refers to a game called qarqis, a term used in Ge ' ez to refer to both Gebet ' a ( Mancala ) and Sant ' araz ( modern sent ' erazh, Ethiopian Chess ).

Among Latter-day Saints the idea of " spirit birth " was described in its modern doctrinal form in 1909, when the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints issued the following statement:

Among modern English speakers, solar deities are popularly thought of as male counterparts of the lunar deity ( usually female ); however, sun goddesses are found on every continent ( e. g. Amaterasu in Japanese belief ) paired with male lunar deities.

Among his notable works were the creation of the modern version of Santa Claus and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party.

Among the two major parties, the Democratic Party generally positions itself as left-of-center in American politics and supports a modern liberal platform, while the Republican Party generally positions itself as right-of-center and supports a conservative platform.

Among the foremost modern players of the viol are Claire Bracher, Alison Crum, Vittorio Ghielmi, Jérôme Hantaï, Lixsania Fernández, Wieland Kuijken, Paolo Pandolfo, Hille Perl and Jordi Savall.

Among some of the better known polka ( and waltzes ) artists and composers include Happy Louie and Julie, Frankie Yankovic, Walter Ostanek ( Canada ), Verne Meisner, Mike Schneider, Tom Brusky, Walt Groller, Joey Miskulin, Jimmy Sturr, Kyle Redman Polka Band, and ( in combination with more modern styles ) " Weird Al " Yankovic ( no known relation to Frankie Yankovic ) and The Our Gang Orchestra.

Among his lasting contributions were his writings on natural history and philosophy, where he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern day environmentalism.

Among modern scholars it is a matter of debate whether the Aztec narratives of Toltec history should be given credence as descriptions of actual historical events.

Among many schools established in that time, the Kiev-Mogila Collegium ( the predecessor of modern Kyiv-Mohyla Academy ), founded by the Orthodox Metropolitan Peter Mogila ( Petro Mohyla ), was the most important.

Among these, Pindar was held by many ancient critics to be pre-eminent, but some gave precedence to Alcaeus instead.

Among critics, it is almost universally considered to be among Beethoven's greatest works, and is considered by some to be the greatest piece of music ever written.

Among Rotten Tomatoes ' Cream of the Crop, which consists of popular and notable critics from the top newspapers, websites, television, and radio programs, the film holds an overall approval rating of 71 % based on 24 reviews.

Among the most outspoken critics of mass comparison have been Lyle Campbell, Donald Ringe, William Poser, and the late R. Larry Trask.

Among its more famous critics are the evolutionary biologists Richard Dawkins, Ford Doolittle, and Stephen Jay Gould – notable, given the diversity of this trio's views on other scientific matters.

Among the several factors that contributed to this reputation were his contempt for the critics and specialized press and some well-publicized confrontations with the public and with fellow musicians.

Among the current strong critics of consensus theory is the philosopher Nicholas Rescher.

Among the critics of the views put forward in this book was a Jesuit, Francis Line ( 1595 – 1675 ), and it was while answering his objections that Boyle made his first mention of the law that the volume of a gas varies inversely to the pressure of the gas, which among English-speaking people is usually called Boyle's Law after his name.

Among fans and critics, Santa's Little Helper has been mostly well received.

Among later critics, Cotelerius in a note on Constit.

Among critics, the reaction was mixed.

Among the website's " top critics " it holds a positive rating of 86 % from seven reviews.

Among the critics of Yoruba traditions about Oduduwa is the London-based Yoruba Muslim scholar, Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu, a PhD graduate from Damascus whose followers run several publications.

Among his critics in the Boston Investigator and at home in the New Harmony Advertiser were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer.

Among the writers labeled as black humorists by journalists and literary critics are Roald Dahl, Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut, Warren Zevon, John Barth, Joseph Heller, and Philip Roth.

Among his critics, Soong is widely seen as a competent administrator with a sure popular touch, but lacking in any serious political ideology and completely self-serving and corrupt.

Among these critics, Ma has been referred to as a " non-stick pan " or " Teflon-man.

Among modern the modern critics of Kabbalah was Yihhyah Qafahh, who wrote a book entitled Milhamoth ha-Shem, ( Wars of the Name ) against what he perceived as the false teachings of the Zohar and the false Kabbalah of Isaac Luria.

Among various points of criticism of the Sōka Gakkai is its teaching of members for praying for material benefit as well as spiritual development in daily life: " This emphasis on benefit has been viewed with great suspicion by some Gakkai critics in the West ".. SGI clarifies the benefit of the practice as: “ Gakkai members learned to chant for vitality, courage, and mental and physical health, adequate food and housing, a decent job, a good spouse and a happy family ..

Among critics who have addressed it, some consider The Fountainhead to be Rand's best novel, such as philosopher Mark Kingwell, who described The Fountainhead as " Rand's best work – which is not to say it is good.

Among them, Nomad ( 1982, directed by Patrick Tam Kar-ming ) is widely considered by film critics as representative of Hong Kong " New Wave " films.

Among the existing broad context of apologists and critics of Emanuel Swedenborg, it is the mission of Emanuel Swedenborg Studies to establish an objective and comprehensive record of the facts of Emanuel Swedenborg ’ s Life – all of the facts and only the facts. About, Emanuel Swedenborg Studies, accessed April 30, 2007.

Among mainstream critics in the U. S., the film received generally mixed to positive reviews.