Churches under the spiritual jurisdiction of the four Eastern Orthodox Patriarchates generally require that such a monastic priest possess a university degree in theology before they are elevated to the rank of archimandrite.

Saint Iustin Popović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Jустин Поповић ) ( 6 April 1894, Vranje-7 April 1979, Ćelije Monastery, Lelić ) was an Eastern Orthodox theologian, archimandrite of the Ćelije Monastery, Dostoyevski scholar, a champion of anti-communism, a writer, and a critic of the pragmatic church ( ecclesiastical ) life.

A former high-ranking KGB officer, Securitate General Ion Mihai Pacepa stated in 2007 that Hochhuth's play and numerous publications attacking Pius XII as a Nazi sympathizer were fabrications that were part of a KGB and Eastern bloc Marxist secret services disinformation campaign, named Seat 12, to discredit the moral authority of the Church and Christianity in the west.

* February 7 – Leo I, Thraco-Roman ( or Dacian ) high-ranking officer, becomes new emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.

The word synod also refers to the standing council of high-ranking bishops governing some of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches.

Zeno sent Genseric a high-ranking officer as ambassador, Severus, who succeeded in stipulating an " eternal " peace between the Vandals and the Eastern Roman Empire, a peace which allowed the Romans to pay ransoms for the prisoners in Vandal hands and which ended the Vandal persecution of Orthodox Christians in the Vandal territory.

A crosier ( crozier, pastoral staff, paterissa, pósokh ) is the stylized staff of office ( pastoral staff ) carried by high-ranking Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran and Pentecostal prelates.

McCarthyism coincided with increased popular fear of communist espionage consequent to a Soviet Eastern Europe, the Berlin Blockade ( 1948 – 49 ), the Chinese Civil War, the confessions of spying for the Soviet Union given by several high-ranking U. S. government officials, and the Korean War.

* one of ten high-ranking bishops of Catholicism: seven " patriarchs of the east " ( six who are heads of Eastern Catholic Churches and the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem ), and the Patriarchs of Lisbon, Venice, and the East Indies ; or

Novak, along with collaborator Rowland Evans, learned in 1976 that a high-ranking Ford administration official had privately said that the current Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe was preferable to the radical nationalism that could otherwise have come about.

The earliest recorded mention of Mickleover ( and its close neighbour, Littleover ) comes in 1011, when an early charter has King Aethelred granting Morcar, a high-ranking Mercian Thegn, land along the Trent and in Eastern Derbyshire, including land in the Mickleover and Littleover areas, consolidating estates he had inherited in North-East Derbyshire from his kinsman through marriage, Wulfric Spot, who founded Burton Abbey on the Staffs-Derbys border.

The word lavra is used to describe high-ranking monasteries for monks of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

In the Catholic Church ( both the Latin Rite and Eastern Catholic ), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic and Anglican abbeys, the mode of election, position, rights, and authority of an abbess correspond generally with those of an abbot.

* Saint Anastasius Sinaita ( of Sinai ) – theologian, Father of the Eastern Orthodox Church, monk, priest, and abbot of the monastery at Mt.

In Eastern Orthodoxy, a monk or a nun is given a saint's name by their bishop or abbot at the time of their tonsure as the new monk's or nun's first act of monastic obedience.

Crínán of Dunkeld, the grandfather of Máel Coluim III, was a lay abbot, and tradition says that even the clerical members were married, though unlike the priests of the Eastern Orthodox Church, they lived apart from their wives during their term of sacerdotal service.

Eastern monasticism is found in three distinct forms: anchoritic ( a solitary living in isolation ), cenobitic ( a community living and worshiping together under the direct rule of an abbot or abbess ), and the " middle way " between the two, known as the skete ( a community of individuals living separately but in close proximity to one another, who come together only on Sundays and feast days, working and praying the rest of the time in solitude, but under the direction of an elder ).

In the Eastern monastic tradition, novices may or may not dress in the black inner cassock ( Greek: Anterion, Eisorasson ; Slavonic: Podriasnik ) and wear the soft monastic hat ( Greek: Skoufos, Slavonic: Skufia ), depending on the tradition of the local community, and in accordance to the abbot ’ s directives.

" Cross-bearer "— The next level for Eastern monastics takes place some years after the first tonsure when the abbot feels the monk has reached an appropriate level of discipline, dedication, and humility.

hegumenos ; Ukrainian: Ігумен ihumen ;, iğumeni ; ; Serbian: игуман or iguman ) is the title for the head of a monastery of the Eastern Orthodox Church or Eastern Catholic Churches, similar to the one of abbot.

The title Archimandrite ( Greek :-archimandrites ), primarily used in the Eastern Orthodox and the Eastern Catholic churches, originally referred to a superior abbot whom a bishop appointed to supervise

Animals sacred to Apollo included wolves, dolphins, roe deer, swans, cicadas ( symbolizing music and song ), hawks, ravens, crows, snakes ( referencing Apollo's function as the god of prophecy ), mice and griffins, mythical eagle – lion hybrids of Eastern origin.

Buildings made of sun-dried earth are common in West Asia, North Africa, West Africa, South America, southwestern North America, Spain ( usually in the Mudéjar style ), Eastern Europe and East Anglia, particularly Norfolk, known as ' clay lump.

Eastern European theorists include Pyotr Stolypin ( 1862 – 1911 ) and Alexander Chayanov ( 1888 – 1939 ) in Russia ; Adolph Wagner ( 1835 – 1917 ), and Karl Oldenberg in Germany, and Bolesław Limanowski ( 1835 – 1935 ) in Poland.

As well Alberta is connected to the TasnCanada pipeline system ( natural gas ) to Eastern Canada, the Northern Border Pipeline ( gas ), Alliance Pipeline ( gas ) and Enbridge Pipeline System ( oil ) to the Eastern United States, the Gas Transmission Northwest and Northwest Pipeline ( gas ) to the Western United States, and the McNeill HVDC Back-to-back station ( electric power ) to Saskatchewan.

The basic military dress it is still worn in pictures into the Baroque period and beyond in the West ( see Reni picture above ), and up to the present day in Eastern Orthodox icons.

Further, proponents of the necessity of the personal apostolic succession of bishops within the Church point to the universal practice of the undivided early Church ( up to AD 431 ), before being divided into the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

A line running from the South extremity of Addu Atoll ( Maldives ), to the Eastern extreme of Ràs Hafun ( Africa, 10 ° 26 ' N ).

Although colour change in leaves occurs wherever deciduous trees are found, coloured autumn foliage is noted in various regions of the world: most of Anglo-America, Eastern Asia ( including China, Korea, and Japan ), Europe, parts of Australia and New Zealand.

The U. S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) and Support for Eastern European Democracies ( SEED ) has played a large role in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina, including programs in economic development and reform, democratic reform ( media, elections ), infrastructure development, and training programs for Bosnian professionals, among others.

* Luso-Brazilian invasion ( 1816-1820 ): Was an armed conflict between the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and the partisans of José Artigas over the Banda Oriental ( Eastern Bank ), present-day Uruguay.

Each of the seven military commands has its headquarters in a major city: Eastern Military Command ( Comando Militar do Leste-CML ), Rio de Janeiro ; Southeastern Military Command ( Comando Militar do Sudeste-CMSE ), São Paulo ; Southern Military Command ( Comando Militar do Sul-CMS ), Porto Alegre ; Northeastern Military Command ( Comando Militar do Nordeste-CMN ), Recife ; CMO, Campo Grande ; CMP, Brasília ; and CMA, Manaus.

: For the city in the late Roman and the Eastern Roman or Byzantine periods ( 330 – 1453 ), see Constantinople.

The traditional role of a bishop is as pastor of a diocese ( also called a bishopric, synod, eparchy or see ), and so to serve as a " diocesan bishop ," or " eparch " as it is called in many Eastern Christian churches.

While most patriarchs in the Eastern Catholic Churches have jurisdiction over a " ritual church " ( a group or diocese of a particular Eastern tradition ), all Latin Rite patriarchs, except for the Pope, have only honorary titles.

; Catholicos: Catholicoi are the heads of some of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Rite Catholic sui iuris churches ( notably the Armenian ), roughly similar to a Patriarch ( see above ).

In the Eastern Churches ( Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Rite Catholic ) a bishop will wear the mandyas, panagia ( and perhaps an enkolpion ), sakkos, omophorion and an Eastern-style mitre.

* Irene of Cappadocia, abbess, feast day July 28 ( Eastern Orthodox liturgics ) in Eastern Orthodox churches

At Yalta he thought more about the six million Germans who would have to leave, trying to find work in Germany, and Roosevelt objected to the Western Neisse River being chosen in the south, instead of the Eastern Neisse, both of which flow into the Oder.

But last week's pirates, like the Cuban-American who recently hijacked an Eastern Airlines Electra ( Newsweek, Aug. 7 ), wanted to go to Havana.

The Council of Nicaea did not end the controversy, as many bishops of the Eastern provinces disputed the homoousios, the central term of the Nicene creed, as it had been used by Paul of Samosata, who had advocated a monarchianist Christology.

From the Medieval Arabic king lists of both African states, allegedly copied from earlier lists in ancient Near Eastern languages it appears that the state founders claimed to be deportees of the Assyrian empire who had fled from Syria and Samaria after the defeat of the Egyptian-Assyrian army at Carchemish in 605 BCE.

However, it has been strongly argued that this was a point made out of mis-translation, as pointed out by Amin Malouf, and that the origin of the term in Middle Eastern culture comes from phrase Asasiyun, meaning those who follow the Asas ; believers in the foundation of faith.

In 1981, a split-season format forced the first ever divisional playoff series, in which the New York Yankees won the Eastern Division series over the Milwaukee Brewers ( who were in the American League until 1998 ) in five games while the Oakland Athletics swept the Kansas City Royals in three games in the Western Division.

However, in the Byzantine and other Eastern rites, whether Eastern or Oriental Orthodox or Eastern Catholic, chrismation is done immediately after baptism, and thus the priest is the one who confirms, using chrism blessed by a bishop.

There is a minority of scholars who argue that Baltic forms a separate branch of Indo-European, or that it is not a genetic node in either Indo-European family or Balto-Slavic, but that Eastern and Western Baltic are separate branches of Balto-Slavic.

Strategies based on maneuver have the inherent danger of the attacking force overextending its supply lines, and can be defeated by a determined foe who is willing and able to sacrifice territory for time in which to regroup and rearm, as the Soviets did on the Eastern Front ( as opposed to, for example, the Dutch who had no territory to sacrifice ).

Saint Bruno of Querfurt ( c. 974 – February 14, 1009 ), also known as Brun and Boniface, is a sainted missionary bishop and martyr, who was beheaded near the border of Kievan Rus and Lithuania while trying to spread Christianity in Eastern Europe.

Constantine's foundation gave prestige to the Bishop of Constantinople, who eventually came to be known as the Ecumenical Patriarch, a situation that contributed to the Great Schism that divided Western Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy from 1054 onwards.

Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who are made cardinals.

In 1965 Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals would also be part of the episcopal order, ranked after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees ( who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier ).

The three Eastern patriarchs who are now cardinal bishops are the following:

Its combination of modern innovation ( such as mixed gender seating ) and traditional practice particularly appealed to first and second-generation Eastern European Jewish immigrants, who found Orthodoxy too restrictive, but Reform Judaism foreign.

Klaus von Beyme, who developed the method of party categorization, found that no modern Eastern European parties could be considered conservative, although the communist and communist-successor parties had strong similarities.

All Christian monasticism stems, either directly or indirectly, from the Egyptian example: Saint Basil the Great Archbishop of Caesaria of Cappadocia, founder and organizer of the monastic movement in Asia Minor, visited Egypt around AD 357 and his rule is followed by the Eastern Orthodox Churches ; Saint Jerome who translated the Bible into Latin, came to Egypt, while en route to Jerusalem, around AD 400 and left details of his experiences in his letters ; Benedict founded the Benedictine Order in the 6th century on the model of Saint Pachomius, but in a stricter form.

The Arabs who conquered large parts of the land that once belonged to the Eastern Roman Empire issued their own Gold dinar.

Sapir enlisted the assistance of fellow Boasians Paul Radin and Alexander Goldenweiser, who with Barbeau worked on the people's of the Eastern Woodlands: the Ojibwa, the Iroquois, the Huron and the Wyandot.

The ancient Churches, such as the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox exclude non-members from Communion under normal circumstances, though the Catholics may allow exceptions, e. g., for non-members in danger of death who share their faith in the reality of the Eucharist and who are unable to have access to a minister of their own community.