" Infrared grade " fused quartz ( tradenames " Infrasil ", " Vitreosil IR " and others ) which is electrically fused, has a greater presence of metallic impurities, limiting its UV transmittance wavelength to around 250 nm, but a much lower water content, leading to excellent infrared transmission up to 3. 6 μm wavelength.

Marxist and Neo-Marxist theories of IR reject the realist / liberal view of state conflict or cooperation ; instead focusing on the economic and material aspects.

The most commonly used ceramic material in IR radiation microbolometers is vanadium oxide.

Neo-Gramscianism applies a critical theory approach to the study of International Relations ( IR ) and the Global Political Economy ( GPE ) that explores the interface of ideas, institutions and material capabilities as they shape the specific contours of the state formation.

A reflector, for example, a titanium mirror, is created beneath the IR absorbing material.

Next, a sacrificial layer is deposited so that later in the process a gap can be created to thermally isolate the IR absorbing material from the ROIC.

Using a detector material that has a minimum amount of 1 / f noise allows for a clearer signal to be maintained between IR detection and the output that is displayed.

Without calibration to the type of material being observed, a PIR thermometer device is able to measure changes in IR emission which correspond directly to temperature changes, but the actual temperature values cannot be calculated.

" Fast food meals typically possess several characteristics, all of which have independently been linked to IR: they are energy-dense, palatable, and cheap, increasing risk of overeating and leptin resistance ; they are simultaneously high in dietary fat and fructose, and low in omega-3 ; and they usually have high glycemic indices.

Since the analysis must typically go beyond two-loop perturbation theory, the definition of the running coupling α < sub > TC </ sub >( μ ), it ’ s fixed point value α < sub > IR </ sub >, and the strength α < sub > χ SB </ sub > necessary for chiral symmetry breaking depend on the particular renormalization scheme adopted.

Existing variables in the original IR are split into versions, new variables typically indicated by the original name with a subscript in textbooks, so that every definition gets its own version.

Currently available infrared ( IR ) transparent materials typically exhibit a trade-off between optical performance and mechanical strength.

This method of attack may not always be available as IR seekers typically have less range and less resistance to poor weather than radar seekers, which may limit the successful use of mixed seeker attacks unless the IR missile is initially directed by radar or some other means.

As a result, the molar absorptivity in the near IR region is typically quite small.

The molecular overtone and combination bands seen in the near IR are typically very broad, leading to a complex spectra ; it can be difficult to assign specific features to specific chemical components.

Occupancy sensors for lighting control typically use infrared ( IR ), ultrasonic, tomographic motion detection, microwave sensors, or camera-based sensors ( image processing ).

The recent low-cost availability of infrared ( IR ) diode laser modules of up to 1000 mW ( 1 watt ) output has created a generation of IR-pumped frequency-doubled ( DPSS ) laser pointers in green, blue, and violet, of higher visible power, typically up to 300 mW.

Because of the higher neodymium harmonic used, and the lower efficiency of frequency-doubling conversion, the fraction of IR power converted to 473 nm blue laser light in optimally configured DPSS modules is typically 10 – 13 %, about half that typical for green lasers ( 20 – 30 %).

It is often used in infrared spectroscopy, as it has a relatively uncomplicated IR spectrum.

The RMP has a dual-detector seeker: IR and UV.

NASA also has an airborne IR telescope called SOFIA and an IR space telescope called Spitzer.

IR theory, however, has a long tradition of drawing on the work of other social sciences.

This is something which has often been ignored under ' traditional ' IR as positivist theories make a distinction between ' facts ' and normative judgments, or ' values '.

Most of these have an IR receiver, picking up the IR signal and relaying it via radio waves to the remote part, which has an IR transmitter mimicking the original IR control.

* IR Quartz has a usable wavelength range of 220 to 3, 500 nm,

Efke's Infrared Film, sold under the brand name Efke IR820 is currently the only infrared film manufactured that has good IR sensitivity beyond 750nm extending out to 820nm.

* Iran, which has the country code IR

The commander has a combined optical sight 1PZ-10, a day / night vision device TKN-3MB and an IR search light OU-3GA2.

The photoisomerization dynamics has been investigated with time-resolved IR spectroscopy and UV / Vis spectroscopy.

The tvLINK has an IR detector and sends commands from the remote control back to the digibox on a 6 MHz carrier on the RF cable.

Xenon has many spectral lines in the UV, blue, green, red, and IR portions of the spectrum.

Despite this the improvement of all-aspect IR, missiles coupled with helmet-mounted sights, has reduced the necessity of tail-chase attacks.

Gemini South has GSAOI, a 16-megapixel IR camera built by ANU which is attached to GeMS, and also

There are two MICA variants ; MICA RF has an active radar homing seeker and MICA IR has an imaging infra-red homing seeker.

* Instruction register ( IR )-a temporary holding ground for the instruction that has just been fetched from memory

Although as of yet the precise binding mechanism of IR and its lignad has not been elucidated structurally, as identified using a systems biology approach, biologically relevant prediction of the IR-ligand kinetics ( insulin / IGF-I ) has been identified in the context of the currently available IR ectodomain structure.

IR spectra for esters feature an intense sharp band in the range 1730 – 1750 cm < sup >− 1 </ sup > assigned to ν < sub > C = O </ sub >.

Though more than 99 % of the dry atmosphere is IR transparent ( because the main constituents — N < sub > 2 </ sub >, O < sub > 2 </ sub >, and Ar — are not able to directly absorb or emit infrared radiation ), intermolecular collisions cause the energy absorbed and emitted by the greenhouse gases to be shared with the other, non-IR-active, gases.

If the molecule is symmetrical, e. g. N < sub > 2 </ sub >, the band is not observed in the IR spectrum, but only in the Raman spectrum.

As above with radio astronomy, there are certain limitations, e. g. N < sub > 2 </ sub > is difficult to detect by either IR or radio astronomy.

The ν < sub > SH </ sub > band appears near 2400 cm < sup >− 1 </ sup > in the IR spectrum.

The fixed-point coupling α < sub > IR </ sub > becomes stronger as N < sub > f </ sub > is reduced from.

Modern radar speed guns normally operate at X, K, K < sub > a </ sub >, IR Band ( infrared ), and ( in Europe ) K < sub > u </ sub > bands.

The first part is < tt > IR </ tt >, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Iran.

Take for example a chiral < var > N </ var > = 1 super QCD model with a nonzero squark VEV which is conformal in the IR.

< tr >< td > 2003 </ td >< td > Frank J. Low </ td >< td > IR detection by bolometer arrays </ td ></ tr >

Cells and electronics lead to a laser head module ( see lower diagram ) This contains a powerful 808 nm IR diode laser that pumps a Nd: YVO < sub > 4 </ sub > laser crystal, that in turn outputs 1064 nm light.

Commercial devices, based on this super junction principle, have been developed by companies like Infineon ( CoolMOS < sup > TM </ sup > products ) or International Rectifier ( IR ).

IR 100 Award, Yttralox < sup > TM </ sup >, 1967

La < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub > – doped Y < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub > is of interest for infrared ( IR ) applications because it is one of the longest wavelength transmitting oxides.