The first attempts to isolate TSH came a decade later, when Janssen and Loeser ( 1931 ) used trichloroacetic acid to separate the soluble TSH from insoluble impurities.

Two metabolites ( 1, and 2 ) ) of p-aminobenzoic acid ( PABA ) which act as cofactors for the hydroxylation of aniline by acid-fast bacteria are biosynthesized from Aj.

All 28 carbons of metabolite 1 ( ( a product of mild acid hydrolysis of 2 ) arise from Aj.

The division said it would be impossible to work on the line until then because of the large amount of acid sewage from jewelry plants in the area flowing through the line, heavy vehicle traffic on Eddy Street and tide conditions.

A Lewis acid is a species that accepts a pair of electrons from another species ; in other words, it is an electron pair acceptor.

BF < sub > 3 </ sub > is a Lewis acid because it accepts the electron pair from fluoride.

A proton is transferred from an unspecified Brønsted acid to ammonia, a Brønsted base ; alternatively, ammonia acts as a Lewis base and transfers a lone pair of electrons to form a bond with a hydrogen ion.

The Brønsted-Lowry definition is the most widely used definition ; unless otherwise specified acid-base reactions are assumed to involve the transfer of a proton ( H < sup >+</ sup >) from an acid to a base.

Amino acids (,, or ) are biologically important molecules made from amine (- NH < sub > 2 </ sub >) and carboxylic acid (- COOH ) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid.

For example the standard glutamic acid ( glutamate ) and the non-standard gamma-amino acid gamma-amino-butyric acid ( GABA ) are respectively the brain's main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, hydroxyproline-a major component of the connective tissue collagen-is synthesised from proline, the standard amino acid glycine is used to synthesise porphyrins used in red blood cells, and the non-standard carnitine is used in lipid transport.

The and convention for amino acid configuration refers not to the optical activity of the amino acid itself, but rather to the optical activity of the isomer of glyceraldehyde from which that amino acid can, in theory, be synthesized (- glyceraldehyde is dextrorotary ;-glyceraldehyde is levorotatory ).

Baltic amber yields on dry distillation succinic acid, the proportion varying from about 3 % to 8 %, and being greatest in the pale opaque or bony varieties.

Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and these water-soluble hormones are the major hormones underlying the fight-or-flight response.

Bufotenin, an alkaloid from some toads, contains an indole core and is produced in living organisms from the amino acid tryptophan.

Those originate from the amino acid phenylalanine, but acquire their nitrogen atom not from the amino acid but through transamination.

As the music has developed and spread around the world it has drawn on many different national, regional and local musical cultures giving rise, since its early 20th century American beginnings, to many distinctive styles: New Orleans jazz dating from the early 1910s, big band swing, Kansas City jazz and Gypsy jazz from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s and on down through West Coast jazz, cool jazz, avant-garde jazz, Afro-Cuban jazz, modal jazz, free jazz, Latin jazz in various forms, soul jazz, jazz fusion and jazz rock, smooth jazz, jazz-funk, punk jazz, acid jazz, ethno jazz, jazz rap, cyber jazz, Indo jazz, M-Base, nu jazz, urban jazz and other ways of playing the music.

Some guitarists incorporate a Latin jazz influence, acid jazz-style dance club music uses samples from Wes Montgomery, and guitarists such as Bill Frisell continue to defy categorization.

The chemical name for vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived from the Latin name of scurvy, scorbutus, which also provides the adjective scorbutic (" of, characterized by or having to do with scurvy ").

Mother of vinegar-also called Mycoderma aceti ( a New Latin expression, from the Greek μὑκης ( fungus ) plus δἐρμα ( skin ), and the Latin aceti ( of the acid )-is a substance composed of a form of cellulose and acetic acid bacteria that develops on fermenting alcoholic liquids, which turns alcohol into acetic acid with the help of oxygen from the air.

In Latin America, sweet corn is traditionally eaten with beans ; each plant is deficient in an essential amino acid that happens to be abundant in the other, so together sweet corn and beans form a balanced diet.

Oleum ( Latin oleum = " oil "), or fuming sulfuric acid refers to a solution of various compositions of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid, or sometimes more specifically to disulfuric acid ( also known as pyrosulfuric acid ).

Lactic acid, in turn, derives its name from its original isolation from soured milk ( Latin: lac, lactis ).

Rowan fruit contains sorbic acid, an acid that takes its name from the Latin name of the genus Sorbus.

* Certain psychedelic mushrooms are used by Indians in Latin America, especially in the state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico The chief species is Psilocybe mexicana, of which the active principles are psilocin and its derivative psilocybin, in their chemical composition and activity not unlike LSD ( D-lysergic acid diethylamide ); the latter is synthesized from the alkaloids ( principally ergotamine and ergonovine ) that are constituents of ergot, a growth present in grasses affected by the disease also called ergot.

There are many sub-genres of House music, including “ acid house ,” “ Latin house ,” “ jungle ,” and “ techno ,” as well as many more.

The active extract of the bark, called salicin, after the Latin name Salix, was isolated to its crystalline form in 1828 by Henri Leroux, a French pharmacist, and Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist, who then succeeded in separating out the acid in its pure state.

As one chemistry historian writes: " An important point of evidence is the absence in the Arabic texts of the new and original facts recorded in the Latin particularly ... nitric acid, aqua regia, oil of vitriol, silver nitrate ...." Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.

The juice of apples, especially green apples, contains malic acid ( malic is derived from the Latin word for apple mālum ; the acid was named after it ).

This part he called " spiritus igneo-aereus ," or sometimes " nitro-aereus ", for he identified it with one of the constituents of the acid portion of nitre ( now called potassium nitrate, KNO < sub > 3 </ sub >) which he regarded as formed by the union of fixed alkali with a spiritus acidus.

P. acidus contains 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, adenosine, kaempferol and hypogallic acid.

Structurally they can be classified according to the functional groups ' locations as alpha-( α -), beta-( β -), gamma-( γ -) or delta-( δ -) amino acids ; other categories relate to polarity, acid / base / neutral, and side chain group type ( including: aliphatic, acyclic, hydroxyl or sulphur-containing, aromatic ).

Further separation was carried out in the presence of a citric acid / ammonium buffer solution in a weakly acidic medium ( pH ≈ 3. 5 ), using ion exchange at elevated temperature.

Enthalpy of dissolution in hydrochloric acid at standard conditions is − 600 kJ / mol < sup >− 1 </ sup >, from which the standard enthalpy change of formation ( Δ < sub > f </ sub > H °) of aqueous Bk < sup > 3 +</ sup > ions is obtained as − 601 kJ / mol < sup >− 1 </ sup >.

Bioinformatics is a branch of biological science which deals with the study of methods for storing, retrieving and analyzing biological data, such as nucleic acid ( DNA / RNA ) and protein sequence, structure, function, pathways and genetic interactions.

For a few illustrative examples: German speakers use " Wasserstoff " ( water substance ) for " hydrogen ", " Sauerstoff " ( acid substance ) for " oxygen " and " Stickstoff " ( smothering substance ) for " nitrogen ", while English and some romance languages use " sodium " for " natrium " and " potassium " for " kalium ", and the French, Italians, Greeks, Portuguese and Poles prefer " azote / azot / azoto " ( from roots meaning " no life ") for " nitrogen ".

* Carbonate / bicarbonate / carbonic acid equilibrium in water: pH of solutions, buffer capacity, titration and species distribution vs. pH computed with a free spreadsheet

There are two opposing pairs of elements: cold vs. fire and lightning vs. acid / poison.

The reverse reaction is possible, and thus the acid / base and conjugated base / acid are always in equilibrium.

The catalytic action of enzymes relies on several mechanisms including the molecular shape (" induced fit "), bond strain, proximity and orientation of molecules relative to the enzyme, proton donation or withdrawal ( acid / base catalysis ), electrostatic interactions and many others.

Primary cell walls characteristically extend ( grow ) by a mechanism called acid growth, which involves turgor-driven movement of the strong cellulose microfibrils within the weaker hemicellulose / pectin matrix, catalyzed by expansin proteins.

Larger amounts of radioactive material were later isolated from coral debris of the atoll, which were delivered to the U. S. The separation of suspected new elements was carried out in the presence of a citric acid / ammonium buffer solution in a weakly acidic medium ( pH ≈ 3. 5 ), using ion exchange at elevated temperatures ; fewer than 200 atoms of einsteinium were recovered in the end.

Like codeine, dihydrocodeine and other, especially older, opiates, morphine has been used as the salicylate salt by some suppliers and can be easily compounded, imparting the therapeutic advantage of both the opioid and the NSAID ; multiple barbiturate salts of morphine were also used in the past, as was / is morphine valerate, the salt of the acid being the active principle of valerian.

Modafinil and / or its major metabolite, modafinilic acid, may be quantified in plasma, serum or urine to monitor dosage in those receiving the drug therapeutically, to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to assist in the forensic investigation of a vehicular traffic violation.

# Citric acid cycle / Krebs cycle

Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide and nicotinic acid amide, is the amide of nicotinic acid ( vitamin B < sub > 3 </ sub > / niacin ).

Patients are referred to nephrology specialists for various reasons, such as acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, hematuria, proteinuria, kidney stones, hypertension, and disorders of acid / base or electrolytes.