American psychologist and philosopher William James ( 1842 – 1910 ) was an early psychical researcher.

Some instances of fraud amongst spiritualist mediums were exposed by early psychical researchers such as Richard Hodgson and Harry Price.

American psychologist and philosopher William James ( 1842-1910 ) was an early psychical researcher.

These projects were active from the 1970s through 1995, and followed up early psychic research done at The Stanford Research Institute ( SRI ), Science Applications International Corporation ( SAIC ), The American Society for Psychical Research, and other psychical research labs.

Another early psychical researcher and engineer W. J. Crawford ( 1881 – 1920 ) developed the " Cantilever Theory of Levitation " due to his experiments with the medium Kathleen Goligher.

In 1920 he served as president of the Society for Psychical Research, and in the subsequent year of its US counterpart, the American Society for Psychical Research .< ref > A strong advocate of scientific method and academic professionalization in psychical research, McDougall was instrumental in establishing parapsychology as a university discipline in the US in the early 1930s.

Other early psychical researchers who had investigated mediumship and spiritualism proposed that the phenomena observed in séances could be explained by a mysterious energy or force.

The idea of ectoplasm was merged into the theory of an " ectenic force " by some early psychical researchers who were seeking a physical explanation for reports of psychokinesis in seances.

Stekel wrote one of a set of three early ' Psychoanalytic studies of psychical impotence ' referred to approvingly by Freud: ' Freud had written a preface to Stekel's book '.

For years many sources have listed " Pilgrims " as the early Boston AL team's official nickname, but researcher Bill Nowlin has demonstrated that the name was barely used, if at all, during the team's early years.

The 2003 University of California Berkeley report credits the estimate to the website of Caltech researcher Roy Williams, where the statement can be found as early as May 1999.

In an early and highly influential article, The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two, the psychologist George Miller suggested that human short-term memory has a forward memory span of approximately seven items plus or minus two and that that was well known at the time ( it seems to go back to the 19th-century researcher Wundt ).

In the early 1990s, Jakob Nielsen, at that time a researcher at Sun Microsystems, popularized the concept of using numerous small usability tests — typically with only five test subjects each — at various stages of the development process.

Mann went on to be an early and active researcher in the wearables field, especially known for his 1994 creation of the Wearable Wireless Webcam.

Lightman discovers that Stephen Falken is an early artificial intelligence researcher, and guesses correctly that his dead son's name " Joshua " is the backdoor password.

However, the early dialect researcher Alexander John Ellis believed that Cockney developed due to the influence of Essex dialect on London speech.

Leakey, believing that the study of existing great apes could provide indications of the behaviour of early hominids, was looking for a chimpanzee researcher though he kept the idea to himself.

As a researcher, Drake was involved in the early work on pulsars.

A famous child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher in stochastic and noise processes, contributing work relevant to electronic engineering, electronic communication, and control systems.

The first was chemist Jacqueline Olin, then a researcher with the Smithsonian Institution, who in the 1970s conducted experiments which produced anatase at an early stage of a medieval iron-gall ink production process.

Soviet rocket engine researcher Valentin Glushko experimented with hypergolic fuel as early as 1931.

The cipher stone, which one researcher is said to have translated to read " Forty feet below two million pounds is buried ", was allegedly last seen in the early 20th century ( exact dates are a topic of controversy ).

* William Cullen ( 1710 – 1790 ) physician, chemist, early medical researcher

An early researcher Edmund Gurney proposed that out-body-body experiences were hallucinations of the pathological type.

* Rufus Osgood Mason, physician, surgeon, teacher, and an early researcher in parapsychology and hypnotherapy

Food researcher Tekishū Motoyama has pointed out that a sort of thin crepe-like confection called may be an early precursor, though it hardly includes the bare elements that makes it identifiable as okonomiyaki.

Though he studied at the University of California, Berkeley, he was still virtually self-taught when he began writing music of his own, but in the early 1920s he had lessons from Arthur Bliss ( then in Santa Barbara ) and the senior American composer and researcher of American Indian ( then called " Red Indian ") music, Arthur Farwell.

* Unspecified ( NOS ) comorbidity: This type assumes the presence of singular pathogenetic mechanisms of development of diseases, comprising this combination, but require a number of tests, proving the hypothesis of the researcher or physician ( for example, erectile dysfunction as an early sign of general atherosclerosis ( ASVD ); occurrence of erosive-ulcerative lesions in the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract in “ vascular ” patients ).

The teapot model was created in 1975 by early computer graphics researcher Martin Newell, a member of the pioneering graphics program at the University of Utah .< ref >

A coherer with electromagnet-operated " tapper " ( decoherer ), built by early radio researcher Emile Guarini around 1904.

Developed in the early 1970s at IBM and based on an earlier design by Horst Feistel, the algorithm was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards ( NBS ) following the agency's invitation to propose a candidate for the protection of sensitive, unclassified electronic government data.

The majority of scholars writing on Romans propose the letter was written in late 55 / early 56 or late 56 / early 57.

The parallel between these traditional beliefs and the later resurrection of Jesus was not lost on the early Christians, as Justin Martyr argued: " when we say … Jesus Christ, our teacher, was crucified and died, and rose again, and ascended into heaven, we propose nothing different from what you believe regarding those whom you consider sons of Zeus.

Ideally, safety-engineers take an early design of a system, analyze it to find what faults can occur, and then propose safety requirements in design specifications up front and changes to existing systems to make the system safer.

In Joyce's Ulysses, rhododendrons play an important role in Leopold and Molly's early courtship: Molly remembers them in her soliloquy-" the sun shines for you he said the day we were lying among the rhododendrons on Howth head in the grey tweed suit and his straw hat the day I got him to propose to me ".

Hua spearheaded what became known as the Two Whatevers, namely, “ Whatever policy originated from Chairman Mao, we must continue to support ,” and “ Whatever directions were given to us from Chairman Mao, we must continue to follow .” Like Deng, Hua wanted to reverse the damage of the Cultural Revolution ; but unlike Deng, who wanted to propose new economic models for China, Hua intended to move the Chinese economic and political system towards Soviet-style planning of the early 1950s.

David Ricardo was the first to propose this possibility in the early nineteenth century ; however, he was unconvinced of it.

In the early days the channel operated on a £ 40 million budget ( plus £ 10 million share of overheads ), which led Sam Chisholm to propose to Murdoch the station be closed, but Rupert was " pleased with its achievements ... there were overriding reasons of prestige and politics for keeping it ... the final hurdle of the Broadcasting Bill had still to be overcome and the case for the acceptability of Sky would collapse if suddenly there was no news channel.

Although most early historians had sited the battle as in the Edington, Wiltshire area, the significant interest in the subject encouraged many antiquarians to dig up Alfredian sites and also to propose alternatives for the location of the battle.

They propose other forms of learning early in the learning process ( worked example, goal free problems, etc.

An early leader in the League, Muhammad Iqbal, was one of the first to propose ( 1930 ) the creation of a separate Muslim India.

However, there is some debate over the classification of this penguin, and Oliver was able to successfully propose that a few slight anatomical differences did exist between the Snares Penguins and the early description and illustration, leading the Snares Penguin to be called robustus instead of atratus.

During their early years, Donna and Roy Harper were dating, and apparently Roy had intended to propose to Donna.

In 1882, he famously developed the graphical method for analysing stress known as Mohr's circle and used it to propose an early theory of strength based on shear stress.

Although Filmon was personally pro-life, the Progressive Conservatives were unwilling to propose specific action on the subject, and withdrew from an early promise to close Henry Morgentaler's private clinic.

This fact presents a problem for researchers who propose that valley networks were carved by rainfall runoff during an early, warm and wet period of Martian history.

In the early 1900s, the painter Tom Roberts was the first to propose that Australia should have a national portrait gallery, but it wasn ’ t until the 1990s that the possibility began to take shape.

All suggestions concerning its derivation propose that it comes from early Saxon language most take its meaning to be pasture land or pleasant pasture but another authority suggests it is a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon faresleia which meant bulls pasture.

As shown in Figure 13, Corey and co-workers propose an early transition state for this reaction, with the goal of explaining the high enantioselectivity observed ( assuming that the reaction is exothermic as calculated from standard bond energies ).

The insights gained from these breakthrough studies led Pace to propose the idea of cloning DNA directly from environmental samples as early as 1985.

De mensurabili musica, most likely written around 1240, is the single most important treatise in the early history of rhythmic notation, for it is the first to propose notation of rhythm.

Individual authors, typically unaware of the history of the idea, continued to propose taxonomic philosophical languages until the early 20th century ( for example, Ro ).

His support for liberal divorce laws led him to propose a new ' child-centred ' divorce reform in the early 1980s ; the Bill was piloted by Martin Stevens, Conservative MP for Fulham.