The orthographical standards predating 1901 are now known as " classical orthography " ( Klassische deutsche Rechtschreibung ), while the conventions in effect from 1901 to 1998 are summarized as " old orthography " ( Alte deutsche Rechtschreibung ).

In effect, the treaty restored borders predating the Livonian War.

The German refusal either to deliver the artillery pieces or refund the 125 million Reichsmarks the Turks had paid in advance for them was to be a major strain on German-Turkish relations in 1939, and had the effect of causing Turkey ’ s politically powerful army to resist Ribbentrop ’ s entreaties to join the Axis.

Upon the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, the government of Luxembourg observed its neutrality and issued an official proclamation to that effect on September 6, 1939.

* The Wimsey Papers, published between Nov. 1939 and Jan. 1940 in The Spectator Magazine — a series of mock letters by members of the Wimsey family, being in effect fictionalised commentaries on life in England at the inception of the war.

The Soviet Union would not invade Poland until the Nomonhan incident was officially concluded by the Molotov-Togo agreement, which it was on 15 September 1939, taking effect on 16 September, at which time Stalin ordered Soviet forces to invade Poland on 17 September 1939.

He prevailed over the isolationists, and on November 4 the Neutrality Act of 1939 was passed, allowing for arms trade with belligerent nations on a cash-and-carry basis, thus in effect ending the arms embargo.

By 23 January 1939 the British government received information to the effect that Germany intended to invade the Netherlands in February 1939 with the aim of using Dutch air-fields to launch strategic bombing offensive intended to achieve a " knock-out " blow against Britain by razing British cities to the ground.

It must be construed and the Official Secrets Acts 1911 to 1939 have effect, as if it was contained in the Official Secrets Act 1911 but so that sections 10 and 11, except section 10 ( 4 ), do not apply.

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is a 1939 American drama film starring Jean Arthur and James Stewart about one man's effect on American politics.

This encompassed a review of 145 reports on ESP experiments published from 1882 to 1939, and included an estimate of the influence of unpublished papers on the overall effect ( the file-drawer problem ).

Lou Gehrig's speech at Yankee Stadium on July 4, 1939 was not reproduced verbatim in the film ; the script condensed and reorganized Gehrig's actual spontaneous and unprepared remarks, and moved the iconic " luckiest man " line from the beginning to the end for heightened dramatic effect.

The innovative German Major ( later General ) Heinz Guderian developed the motorised part of this strategy as the head of one of the Truppenamt groups and may have incorporated Fuller's and Liddell Hart's ideas to amplify the groundbreaking Blitzkrieg effect that was seen used by Germany against Poland in 1939 and later against France in 1940.

On the outbreak of war in September 1939 the BBC put into effect its contingency plans to minimise disruption of broadcasting.

In October 1938 George was appointed Governor General of Australia in succession to Lord Gowrie with effect from November 1939.

By 1939 wind tunnel testing had demonstrated the effect was real, and practical.

In 1939, Bruner published his first psychological article, studying the effect of thymus extract on the sexual behavior of the female rat.

By 1939, with Adolf Hitler in power and the Treaty of Versailles no longer in effect, Walter and Reimar had entered the Luftwaffe as pilots.

" The Louisville Defender, that city's African American newspaper, expressed similar sentiments in a December 1939 editorial: " hether Gaines has been bribed, intimidated or worse, should certainly have little permanent effect on the struggle for equal rights and social justice in connection with Negro education in the South ... Negroes are already hammering upon the doors of graduate schools hitherto closed to them, with increasing persistence.

In the effect of the Nazi-Soviet Alliance and the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the area was captured by the Soviet Union, which transferred parts of present Vilnius County and Utena County to Lithuania, only to annex it the following year.

The average Old Age Assistance benefit was about $ 20 per month as late as 1939, and the program known as Social Security was not due to take effect until 1942, despite the fact that opinion polls indicated that the American public thought that $ 40 per month was fair for the elderly.

On 2 September 1939, Neville Chamberlain spoke in a Commons debate and said ( in effect ) that he was not declaring war on Germany immediately for having invaded Poland.

During the Teheran Conference in 1943, a new Soviet-Polish border was established, in effect sanctioning most of the Soviet territorial acquisitions from September 1939, and ignoring protests from the Polish emigre government in London.

Upon the beginning of hostilities on 3 September 1939, Britain and France enacted a repeat of the blockade system used to great effect throughout the previous war.

He rejects all subjectively motivated continuity, any line of action related to the concept of cause and effect.

These included the concept of warning colouration in animals, and the Wallace effect, a hypothesis on how natural selection could contribute to speciation by encouraging the development of barriers against hybridization.

Some consider that naming the concept " Kolmogorov complexity " is an example of the Matthew effect.

Copyright has grown from a legal concept regulating copying rights in the publishing of books and maps to one with a significant effect on nearly every modern industry, covering such items as sound recordings, films, photographs, software, and architectural works.

The concept of Maya Lin's design is based on the soothing and healing effect of water.

In this work, Doppler postulated his principle ( later coined the Doppler effect ) that the observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative speed of the source and the observer, and he tried to use this concept for explaining the colour of binary stars.

By doing so Copleston makes clear that Aquinas wanted to put forth the concept of an omnipresent God rather than a being that could have disappeared after setting the chain of cause and effect into motion.

Karma ( ; ) in Indian religions is the concept of " action " or " deed ", understood as that which causes the entire cycle of cause and effect ( i. e., the cycle called saṃsāra ) originating in ancient India and treated in the Hindu, Jain, Buddhist and Sikh religions.

The design was not a uniquely British concept as similar ships were being built around the world, nor was it uniquely intended as a counter to German naval expansion, but the effect was to immediately require Germany to reconsider its naval building program.

This response to the paradox is, in effect, the rejection of the claim that every statement has to be either true or false, also known as the principle of bivalence, a concept related to the law of the excluded middle.

The first significant modern day Employment Law Act was the Equal Pay Act of 1970 although as it was a somewhat radical concept it did not come into effect until 1972.

The physics principle behind orbital resonance is similar in concept to pushing a child on a swing, where the orbit and the swing both have a natural frequency, and the other body doing the " pushing " will act in periodic repetition to have a cumulative effect on the motion.

It is here where it can be argued that it's impossible to get a higher or maximum concept of God since existence, as an entity itself, would be the totality of causality, every force to cause, every effect from cause, everything in and of existence, every governing rule or law, every property and attribute, and the very necessity and essence value of all there is, was, could be, or ever will be.

‪ File: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. jpg ‬| Hendrik Lorentz ( 1853 – 1928 ): clarified electromagnetic theory of light, shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect, developed concept of local time, derived the transformation equations subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time .‬‬‬

Study of the photoelectric effect led to important steps in understanding the quantum nature of light and electrons and influenced the formation of the concept of wave – particle duality.

The photoelectric effect helped propel the then-emerging concept of the dualistic nature of light, that light simultaneously possesses the characteristics of both waves and particles, each being manifested according to the circumstances.

It is related to the concept of a founder effect, since small populations often undergo bottlenecks.

As a result, devices were shown to produce this effect reliably, and the term thermoscope was adopted because it reflected the changes in sensible heat ( the concept of temperature was yet to arise ).

The concept of the eighth day was symbolic only and had no effect on the use of the seven-day week for calendar purposes.

As medieval scholars discovered that in practice the speed of a falling object increased with time, this prompted a change to the concept of weight to maintain this cause effect relationship.

This effect can be best understood using the Fresnel zone concept.

Bitzer's main argument is the concept that rhetoric is used to " effect valuable changes in reality " ( Bitzer 14 ).

In the philosophical schools of India, the concept of precise and continual effect of laws of Karma on the existence of all sentient beings is analogous to western deterministic concept.

A related concept is materiomics, which is defined as the holistic study of the material properties of biological materials, and their effect on the macroscopic function and failure in their biological context.