The cathode ray tube ( CRT ) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun ( a source of electrons or electron emitter ) and a fluorescent screen used to view images.

The electrons are emitted by an electron gun, commonly fitted with a tungsten filament cathode as the electron source.

In classic cathode ray tube ( CRT ) devices, the brightness of a given point over the fluorescent screen due to the impact of accelerated electrons is not proportional to the voltages applied to the electron gun control grids, but to an expansive function of that voltage.

In a typical SEM, an electron beam is thermionically emitted from an electron gun fitted with a tungsten filament cathode.

Provided the electron gun can generate a beam with sufficiently small diameter, a SEM could in principle work entirely without condenser or objective lenses, although it might not be very versatile or achieve very high resolution.

Environmental SEM instruments place the specimen in a relatively high-pressure chamber where the working distance is short and the electron optical column is differentially pumped to keep vacuum adequately low at the electron gun.

capable of operating in the presence of water vapour and by the use of pressure-limiting apertures with differential pumping in the path of the electron beam to separate the vacuum region ( around the gun and lenses ) from the sample chamber.

An electron beam is focused onto a specimen and emitted electrons are deflected around the electron gun and pass through an aperture towards the back of the CMA.

Just like a light gun, a light pen works by sensing the sudden small change in brightness of a point on the screen when the electron gun refreshes that spot.

Cathodoluminescence is an optical and electrical phenomenon whereby a beam of electrons is generated by an electron gun and then impacts on a luminescent material such as a phosphor, causing the material to emit visible light.

* Low-voltage electron beam ( 1-20 eV ) ( or electron flood gun )

When the player pulls the trigger, the computer ( often assisted by the display circuitry ) times how long it takes the electron beam to excite the phosphor at the location at which the gun is pointed.

The light gun sends a signal after sensing the sudden small change in brightness of a point on the screen when the electron gun refreshes that spot.

Three receivers would be used, each sending its output to a separate electron gun, aimed at its colored phosphor.

:" On April 24, Langmuir and I were running the machine and as usual were trying to push the electron gun and its associated pulse transformer to the limit.

That is, the blue electron gun will strike blue phosphors, but will find a wire blocks the path to red and green phosphors.

We have a source that emits electron – positron pairs, with the electron sent to destination A, where there is an observer named Alice, and the positron sent to destination B, where there is an observer named Bob.

These electron pulses were counted, and these count numbers constituted the data that were sent to Earth.

An electron that tunnels out from an atom or molecule may be sent right back in by the alternating field, at which point it can either recombine with the atom or molecule and release any excess energy or have the chance to further ionize the atom or molecule through high-energy collisions.

" If the electron is stopped and weighed, or the scale were somehow sent after it, it would not be moving with respect to the scale, and again the relativistic and rest masses would be the same for the single electron ( and would be smaller ).

One electron in each pair is sent toward Alice, and the other toward Bob.

The arrival of the electron at the positive contact and the hole at the negative contact produces the electrical signal that is sent to the preamplifier, the MCA, and on through the system for analysis.

They ’ ll carry it with them in their future life …. And this future life in the body of eons will be very long, almost as long as the Universe itself .” Suggests Charon, “ the electrons which form my body are not only carriers of what I call ‘ my ’ spirit, but, in fact constitute my spirit itself .” Electrons are sent individually into the Universe to learn and to increase the order of the Universe ; “ the psychic level of the whole Universe progressively elevates itself … during the ‘ successively lived experiences ’ of elemental matter .” The goal of each electron is to increase its energy to the highest level of sustainable excitement ; that is, to contain the most information within the largest stable system of organization possible.

Synthetic amethyst is produced by gamma-ray, x-ray or electron beam irradiation of clear quartz which has been first doped with ferric impurities.

Analog television did not really begin as an industry until the development of the cathode-ray tube ( CRT ), which uses a steered electron beam to " write " lines of electrons across a phosphor coated surface.

The electron beam could be swept across the screen much faster than any mechanical disc system, allowing for more closely spaced scan lines and much higher image resolution, while slow-fade phosphors removed image flicker effects.

It has a means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam onto the fluorescent screen to create the images.

Cathode rays ( also called an electron beam or e-beam ) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.

The technology of manipulating electron beams pioneered in these early tubes was applied practically in the design of vacuum tubes, particularly in the invention of the cathode ray tube by Ferdinand Braun in 1897. and is today employed in sophisticated devices such as electron microscopes, electron beam lithography, and particle accelerators.

Most radios and television sets prior to the 1970s used filament-heated-cathode electron tubes for signal selection and processing ; to this day, a hot cathode forms the source of the electron beam ( s ) in cathode ray tubes in many television sets and computer monitors.

These large-scale technological program demonstrations were joined by integrated circuit research, which resulted in submicrometre electronic technology and electron devices that evolved into the Very Large Scale Integration ( VLSI ) Program and the Congressionally mandated charged particle beam program.

This welding technique must be performed in a vacuum, so that the electron beam does not interact with the gas prior to reaching the target, and it can be used to join conductive materials that would otherwise be considered unsuitable for welding.

Because an electron beam only penetrates to a limited depth before being absorbed, typically up to 5 cm for electron energies in the range 5 – 20 MeV, electron therapy is useful for treating skin lesions such as basal cell carcinomas.

An electron beam can be used to supplement the treatment of areas that have been irradiated by X-rays.

The intensity of this radiation is spin dependent, which causes polarization of the electron beam — a process known as the Sokolov – Ternov effect.

Low-energy electron diffraction ( LEED ) is a method of bombarding a crystalline material with a collimated beam of electrons, then observing the resulting diffraction patterns to determine the structure of the material.

The reflection high energy electron diffraction ( RHEED ) technique uses the reflection of a beam of electrons fired at various low angles to characterize the surface of crystalline materials.

The electron microscope directs a focused beam of electrons at a specimen.

By recording these changes in the electron beam, microscopists can produce atomically resolved image of the material.

Transmission electron microscopes function in a manner similar to overhead projector, with a beam of electrons passing through a slice of material then being projected by lenses on a photographic slide or a charge-coupled device.

In scanning electron microscopes, the image is produced by rastering a finely focused electron beam, as in a TV set, across the studied sample.

In the free electron laser ( FEL ), a relativistic electron beam is passed through a pair of undulators containing arrays of dipole magnets, whose fields are oriented in alternating directions.