A state's consent may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion, which formed the " essential basis " of the state's consent.

The term " Vandals " may have been erroneous for " Victohali ", for around 360 the historian Eutropius reports that Dacia was currently ( nunc ) inhabited by Taifali, Victohali, and Tervingi.

It may also be an erroneous attempt to reveal a truth.

In the narrative of The Lord of the Rings, the westward target of the road appears as Min-Rimmon, but elsewhere it is stated that the valley ended at Nardol, where the quarries were located, and Christopher Tolkien showed that the former statement may be erroneous.

Cheap hand held Doppler radar may produce erroneous measurements.

Back-formation may be similar to the reanalyses of folk etymologies when it rests on an erroneous understanding of the morphology of the longer word.

Medical identity theft frequently results in erroneous entries being put into existing medical records, which may in turn lead to inappropriate and potentially life-threatening decisions by medical staff.

Certainly this is equivalent to a renunciation of a positive conception of the Divine Being ; for negative statements may suffice to prevent erroneous ideas, but a positive knowledge can never be obtained through them alone ( ib.

There is also an element of risk, in that if a certain attempt at a solution is extremely erroneous, it can produce disastrous results that may or may not be repairable.

This coincidence may have contributed to erroneous statements that Guillotin was put to death on the machine that bears his name ; however, in reality, Guillotin died in Paris in 1814 of natural causes, and is now buried in the Père-Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

There are numerous variables in the testing procedure that may affect the validity of the test results and may result in a missed or erroneous diagnosis.

This may have been an erroneous transcription of Brillago.

All diagnostic tests have limitations, and sometimes their use may produce erroneous or questionable results.

Although many Dacian toponyms have uncertain meanings, they are more reliable as sources of Dacian words than the names of medicinal plants provided by Dioscorides, which have led to speculative identifications: out of 57 plants, 25 identifications may be erroneous, according to Asher & Simpson.

This may cause an erroneous appearance of the treatment being a cause of the disease.

This erroneous belief may stem from the supposed use of a baton sinister ( not a bend sinister ) to denote illegitimacy among British Royal Arms ( though this denotes bastardy without any suggestion of dishonour.

One theory is that the erroneous information may have originated from a misunderstanding of the concept Meters of Head in relation to the development of the Espeland river for hydropower.

In 2006, New Paltz became embroiled in a controversy involving three Student Government officers, who were suspended from the University for a year after an altercation with the Residence Life Director, although a video showed some claims may have been erroneous.

In rare circumstances, MLB's scoring committee may reverse a scoring decision that is " clearly erroneous ".

The authors of this research conclude this " measurement error may be sufficiently large to render many clinical decisions potentially erroneous ".

A system of due process exists whereby aviation passengers determined to pose a threat are either delayed or prohibited from boarding their scheduled flights by TSA may appeal such decisions and correct erroneous information contained in CAPPS II or Secure Flight or other follow-on / successor programs.

Earlier, the venom of a particular snake was considered to be one kind only i. e. either hemotoxic or neurotoxic, and this erroneous belief may still persist wherever the updated literature is hard to access.

The appellate court will typically be deferential to the lower court's findings of fact ( such as whether a defendant committed a particular act ), unless clearly erroneous, and so will focus on the court's application of the law to those facts ( such as whether the act found by the court to have occurred fits a legal definition at issue ).

However, the La Marle interpretation of Linear A has been rejected by John Younger of Kansas University showing that La Marle has invented erroneous and arbitrary new transcriptions based on resemblances with many different script systems at will ( as Phoenician, Hieroglyphic Egyptian, Hieroglyphic Hittite, Ethiopian, Cypro-Minoan, etc.

In 1616, the Roman Inquisition's consultants gave their assessment of the proposition that the Sun is immobile and at the center of the universe and that the Earth moves around it, judging both to be " foolish and absurd in philosophy " and that the first was " formally heretical " while the second was " at least erroneous in faith ".

The former are those “ manifested by his observed behaviour, including preferences possibly based on erroneous factual beliefs, or on careless logical analysis, or on strong emotions that at the moment greatly hinder rational choice ” whereas the latter are “ the preferences he would have if he had all the relevant factual information, always reasoned with the greatest possible care, and were in a state of mind most conducive to rational choice .” It is the latter that preference utilitarianism tries to satisfy.

Telfer found five tall, developmentally disabled XYY boys and men in hospitals and penal institutions in Pennsylvania, and since four of the five had at least moderate facial acne, reached the erroneous conclusion that acne was a defining characteristic of XYY males.

A packet is declared incorrect if at least one bit is erroneous.

Free distance can be interpreted as the minimal length of an erroneous " burst " at the output of a convolutional decoder.

Another study looked at sixty-five cases of " erroneous criminal convictions of innocent people.

However, jokes also can have an element of misunderstanding: This parody is the shortest possible example of an erroneous recursive definition of an object, the error being the absence of the termination condition ( or lack of the initial state, if looked at from an opposite point of view ).

The burning of the Columbia-Wrightsville Bridge thwarted one of Lee's goals for the invasion of Pennsylvania, and General Gordon later claimed the skirmish at Wrightsville reinforced the erroneous Confederate belief that the only defensive forces on hand were inefficient local militia, an attitude that carried over to the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg.

Numerous reports have been made of larger snakes, but since none of these has been measured by a scientist nor have the specimens been deposited at a museum, they must be regarded as unproven and possibly erroneous.

The slightly erroneous diagram at the right shows the range ascending from the first partial with all valves pressed, i. e., the lowest fundamental available being concert third low F. In reality, the lowest B baritone fundamental with all valves pressed is concert third low E, a semitone below the note shown in the diagram.

The Global Positioning System uses signals at 1575. 42 MHz ( L1 ) and 1227. 6 MHz ( L2 ) which can be distorted by a disturbed ionosphere and a receiver computes an erroneous position or fails to compute any position.

" Painting the Forth Bridge " is a colloquial term for a never-ending task ( a modern rendering of the myth of Sisyphus ), coined on the erroneous belief that, at one time in the history of the bridge, repainting was required and commenced immediately upon completion of the previous repaint.

And his criticism was that they arrived at theologically erroneous conclusions.

" Parquear " for " to park " is clear deliberate Spanglish ; " actualmente " for " actually " rather than " at present " is closer to erroneous use of a false friend, and ambiguous as it has a clear, but different, meaning in true Spanish.

The column was circulated around the Internet, with an erroneous claim that it was a commencement address by Kurt Vonnegut, usually at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the misattribution became a news item when Vonnegut was contacted by reporters to comment.

Photographic plates from this observatory, taken at the same time, were used by Van de Kamp for his erroneous claim of a planetary system for Barnard's Star.

His illustrations of panels of Maya script in the Temple of Inscriptions at Palenque included clear depictions of heads of elephants ( now known to be erroneous embellishments ).

* Mistake ( contract law ), an erroneous belief, at contracting, that certain facts are true

Above the Arctic Circle, from the spring equinox to the autumnal equinox ( depending on latitude ), the sun can shine for 24 hours a day ; at the extreme ( that is, the Pole ), it rises and sets only once a year, possibly leading to the erroneous conclusion that a " day " for such persons is a year long, and therefore that living a thousand days would be the same as living a thousand years.