The most investigated example is represented by thin multicrystalline silicon films, where such as the unoriented molecule. An initial amorphous layer was observed in many studies.

For example, the density of water increases between its melting point at 0 ° C and 4 ° C ; similar behavior is observed in silicon at low temperatures.

For example, after the implantation of nickel ions into a silicon wafer, a layer of nickel silicide can be grown in which the crystal orientation of the silicide matches that of the silicon.

The result is that the range of an ion can be much longer if the ion travels exactly along a particular direction, for example the < 110 > direction in silicon and other diamond cubic materials.

However, other structures do exist ; for example, elements such as silicon form familiar materials such as silicones, examples being Silly Putty and waterproof plumbing sealant.

For example, the pure semiconductor silicon has four valence electrons.

For example, the melting point of silicon at ambient pressure ( 0. 1 MPa ) is 1415 ° C, but at pressures in excess of 10 GPa it decreases to 1000 ° C.

* Some modern CPUs and microcontrollers ( for example, TI OMAP ) or sometimes even DSPs may have boot ROM with boot code integrated directly into their silicon, so such a processor could perform quite a sophisticated boot sequence on its own and load boot programs from various sources like NAND flash, SD or MMC card and so on.

Almost any material when subjected to high pressure will compact itself into a denser form, for example, quartz, also called silica or silicon dioxide will first adopt a denser form known as coesite, then upon application of more temperature, form stishovite.

These are conventionally defined by the ring size of the aperture, where, for example, the term " 8-ring " refers to a closed loop that is built from 8 tetrahedrally coordinated silicon ( or aluminum ) atoms and 8 oxygen atoms.

The semiconductors commonly used in commercial solar cells have bandgaps near the peak of this curve, for example silicon ( 1. 1eV ) or CdTe ( 1. 5eV ).

For example, in silicon the conduction band has six symmetrically located minima along the Δ = symmetry lines in k-space.

For example, a-Si layers can be made thinner than c-Si, which may produce savings on silicon material cost.

For example, the Tersoff potential, which was originally used to simulate carbon, silicon and germanium and has since been used for a wide range of other materials, involves a sum over groups of three atoms, with the angles between the atoms being an important factor in the potential.

Perhaps the most extreme example of this is Sentenced to Prism, in which the protagonist finds himself trapped on a world where life is based on silicon rather than carbon, as on Earth.

For example, n-type silicon has a higher chemical potential of electrons than p-type silicon.

* An example of pico-and femtosecond micromachining is drilling the silicon jet surface of ink jet printers

As an application example, the steady-state space-charge-limited current across a piece of silicon with a charge carrier mobility of 1500 cm < sup > 2 </ sup >/ V-s, a dielectric constant of 11. 9, an area of 10 < sup >- 8 </ sup > cm < sup > 2 </ sup > and a thickness of 10 < sup >- 4 </ sup > cm can be calculated by an on line calculator as 126. 4mA at voltage 3V.

These invertebrates are more frequently preserved because their hard parts — for example, shell, armor, plates, tests, exoskeleton, jaws or teeth -- are composed of silica ( silicon dioxide ), calcite or aragonite ( both forms of calcium carbonate ), chitin ( a protein often infused with tricalcium phosphate ), or keratin ( an even-more complex protein ), rather than the vertebrate bone ( hydroxyapatite ) or cartilage of fishes and land-dwelling tetrapods.

These sources usually rely on the optical nonlinearity of some materials like periodically poled Lithium niobate ( Spontaneous parametric down-conversion ), or silicon ( spontaneous Four-wave mixing ) for example.

If I may take my own country as an example, here is what we are faced with: In America, there are 260, 000 billboards ; 11, 520 newspapers ; 11, 556 periodicals ..." "... Everything from telegraphy and photography in the 19th century to the silicon chip in the twentieth has amplified the din of information, until matters have reached such proportions today that for the average person, information no longer has any relation to the solution of problems.

For example, the 2006 paper in this continuing research effort by Freitas, Merkle and their collaborators reports that the most-studied mechanosynthesis tooltip motif ( DCB6Ge ) successfully places a C < sub > 2 </ sub > carbon dimer on a C ( 110 ) diamond surface at both 300 K ( room temperature ) and 80 K ( liquid nitrogen temperature ), and that the silicon variant ( DCB6Si ) also works at 80 K but not at 300 K. These tooltips are intended to be used only in carefully controlled environments ( e. g., vacuum ).

The assumptions upon which the example shown in Figure 3 is based are: ( A ) One man can direct about six subordinates if the subordinates are chosen carefully so that they do not need too much personal coaching, indoctrinating, etc..

The following summary, based on Figures 5 and 6, is an example of one way of interpreting the 42 figures constructed from onset ages and completion ages of individual children with respect to the appropriate mean age for each growth center.

This might be the proper standard of review, for example, if the lower court resolved the case by granting a pre-trial motion to dismiss or motion for summary judgment which is usually based only upon written submissions to the trial court and not on any trial testimony.

Another example is in the television show Gladiators, in which two series were based on contests between teams representing Australia and England.

For example, where a person has committed harmful actions of body, speech and mind based on greed, hatred and delusion, rebirth in a lower realm, i. e. an animal, a ghost or a hell realm, is to be expected.

An example of the development of tank destroyer technology throughout the war are the Marder III and Hetzer vehicle, that were very different in spite of being based on the same chassis: Marder was straightforwardly an anti-tank gun on tracks whereas Hetzer traded some firepower ( its Pak 39, designed to operate within the confines of a fully-armored fighting compartment, fires the same projectiles from a reduced propellant charge compared to Marder's Pak 40 ) for better armor protection and ease of battlefield concealment.

On occasion SPAAGs have been used as very effective direct fire weapons against infantry, for example by American forces during late World War II, in Korea against mass infantry assault, and extensively during the Vietnam War, where for example the U. S. M42 Duster SPAAG ( based on a light tank ) was employed purely for this purpose.

The built heritage was also at the forefront of the growth of member based organizations in the United States for example, founded in 1889, the Richmond, Virginia-based Preservation Virginia ( formerly known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities ) was the United States ' first statewide historic preservation group.

An abstraction can be seen as a process of mapping multiple different pieces of constituent data to a single piece of abstract data based on similarities in the constituent data, for example many different physical cats map to the abstraction " CAT ".

Though Anthony himself did not organize or create a monastery, a community grew around him based on his example of living an ascetic and isolated life.

Kenneth Kitchen, Louis F. Hartman and Alexander Di Lella, for example, date the Aramaic portion more broadly within the Persian period ( i. e., before the 330s BC ), as based on Persian loanwords.

The example of Boaz, who is of high stature not only based on his wealth, but also based on his benevolence.

The book closes abruptly () with an epistolary warning based on the emblematic trope of a fast growing vine present in Persian narratives, and popularized in certain collections of Aesop's fables such as The Gourd and the Palm-tree during the Renaissance, for example by Andrea Alciato.

The classic example is Franz Liszt's famous Hungarian Rhapsodies for piano, which he based on popular art songs performed by Romani bands of the time.

Strategies based on maneuver have the inherent danger of the attacking force overextending its supply lines, and can be defeated by a determined foe who is willing and able to sacrifice territory for time in which to regroup and rearm, as the Soviets did on the Eastern Front ( as opposed to, for example, the Dutch who had no territory to sacrifice ).

For example, the copyright to a Mickey Mouse cartoon restricts others from making copies of the cartoon or creating derivative works based on Disney's particular anthropomorphic mouse, but does not prohibit the creation of other works about anthropomorphic mice in general, so long as they are different enough to not be judged copies of Disney's.

For example, it can rely on the user's settings, either browser-wide or specific for a given document, or it can pick a default encoding based on the user's language.

* A solar calendar is based on perceived seasonal changes synchronized to the apparent motion of the Sun ; an example is the Persian calendar.

For example, the year in Japan is based on the reign of the current emperor: 2006 was Year 18 of the Emperor Akihito.

An arithmetic calendar is one that is based on a strict set of rules ; an example is the current Jewish calendar.

The per capita income of the CAR is often listed as being around $ 300 a year, said to be one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the more important but unregistered sale of foods, locally-produced alcohol, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medicines, for example.

For purposes of international communication and trade, the official names of the chemical elements both ancient and more recently recognized are decided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ), which has decided on a sort of international English language, drawing on traditional English names even when an element's chemical symbol is based on a Latin or other traditional word, for example adopting " gold " rather than " aurum " as the name for the 79th element ( Au ).

Modern scientific investigations into consciousness are based on psychological experiments ( including, for example, the investigation of priming effects using subliminal stimuli ), and on case studies of alterations in consciousness produced by trauma, illness, or drugs.