Stove alleged that by using weak or false ad hoc reasoning, these Ultra-Darwinists used evolutionary concepts to offer explanations that were not valid ( e. g., Stove suggested that sociobilogical explanation of altruism as an evolutionary feature was presented in such as way that the argument was effectively immune to any criticism.

A strong interest in using logic is that this kind of software is able to give the user clear explanation of what it is doing ( the " Why?

He was able to provide a qualitative explanation of linear and spherical wave propagation, and to derive the laws of reflection and refraction using this principle, but could not explain the deviations from rectilinear propagation which occur when light encounters edges, apertures and screens, commonly known as diffraction effects.

* A common explanation using Bernoulli's principle asserts that the air must traverse both the top and bottom in the same amount of time and that this explains the increased speed on the ( longer ) top side of the wing.

Research using the explanation of meteor trails / streams have explained the storms of the past.

Quine's explanation is that " blue " is a natural kind ; a privileged predicate which can be used for induction, while " grue " is not a natural kind and using induction with it leads to error.

In 1989, David Hamilton Wright developed a mathematical explanation for mutualism using the Lotka – Volterra equation.

* World's shortest explanation of Gödel's theorem using a printing machine as an example.

There are also seven panels and detailed history and explanation of ENIAC functions using text, graphics, photographs and interactive touch screen on display at the Perot Group in Plano, Texas.

For instance, the accuracy of land-survey distance measurements when using a laser rangefinder might be 1 millimeter per kilometer of distance ; this could be expressed as “ Accuracy = 1 ppm .”< ref > This is a simplified explanation.

Note that the coreference binding can be represented using a lambda expression as mentioned in the previous Formal explanation section.

* Simple explanation with an example of governments using taxes as Lagrange multipliers

When the arm and hand move to pick up the rock (" E ") this is not caused by the preceding mental event M, nor by M and P together, but only by P. The physical causes are in principle reducible to fundamental physics, and therefore mental causes are eliminated using this reductionist explanation.

" Adams, whose knowledge is as incomplete as the next person, got around this by using the aforementioned " simplest explanation " for each concept raised in the book because, while " in this complicated world the simplest explanation is usually dead wrong ", a more simple explanation often sounds more right and more convincing than anything complicated.

Later, the versions kept switching: sometimes the girls claimed it was " just a word ", while in other ocassions it was the " lesbo " explanation / For the release of their first English-language album, they decided to go by t. A. T. u., using uppercase letters and periods to distinguish themselves from an already existing Australian band, Tatu.

Conversely, a theory that explains divergent phenomena using unrelated explanations is not as coherent as one that uses only one explanation for those divergent phenomena.

* Magic or Outer Power covers not just spells, but the supernatural world at large, using the explanation that the ritual of a spell ( a spell being anything from a prayer to alchemy ) channels expectation of the spell-caster into a desired effect.

A possible explanation for this term is that it derives from a fighting style using a side-sword with a buckler in the off-hand, which was applied with much " swashing and making a noise on the buckler ".

*" I have been using the word ethnomathematics as modes, styles, and techniques ( tics ) of explanation, of understanding, and of coping with the natural and cultural environment ( mathema ) in distinct cultural systems ( ethnos )".

" Also, on April 11, 2012, the Baltimore Business Journal has published an article stating that the Maryland General Assembly in the recently ended 2012 legislative session approved $ 2. 5 million for the convention center project allocated for " initial design the $ 400 million expansion of the convention center ( slated to be funded using public money from the State of Maryland and the City of Baltimore ), as well as a $ 500 million, 18, 500-seat arena and hotel project ( slated to be funded using private funding from a group lead by local business magnate Willard Hackerman )" however the Maryland General Assembly's budget committees added a prerequisite before they will approve the release of the $ 2. 5 million, the prerequisite being that the State of Maryland, the City of Baltimore and the private financiers of the project must submit a memorandum of understanding to the Maryland General Assembly's budget committees with a detailed explanation of how this project would be funded, how much of the $ 400 million would be shared between the State of Maryland and the City of Baltimore and exactly who would operate the brand new arena.

Witten gave an explanation of these inequalities by using the Morse function to modify the exterior derivative in the de Rham complex.

According to Oregon Geographic Names, the origins of the county's name are uncertain, with the most likely explanation being that it is derived from the Nez Perce term for a structure of stakes ( a weir ) used in fishing.

Wittgenstein's explanation is tied up with an important analogy.

The " analogy of faith ," as a rule of interpretation, he greatly limits, and teaches that it can never afford of itself the explanation, of words, but only determine the choice among their possible meanings.

" As Moran writes: " One explanation of the goddess ' visit is that she was to heal the aged and ailing Egyptian king, but this explanation rests purely on analogy and finds no support in this letter ... More likely, it seems, is a connection with the solemnities associated with the marriage of Tušratta's daughter ; sf.

This is commonly explained through the analogy of a pendulum-style effect, but this explanation is incorrect ( see Pendulum rocket fallacy ).

1, April issue, pp. 16-17, 1946 ( item 417 in the " Bibliography " intended as an explanation for a general reader by analogy

Nagaoka's model was based around an analogy to the explanation of the stability of the Saturn rings ( the rings are stable because the planet they orbit is very massive ).

As is still a common method of explanation today, Aristotle tried to explain complex market phenomena through an analogy between a household and a state.

" Lloyd, for example, proposed an alternative explanation for all apparent instances of a-mutation of */ i /; he suggested that " the partial overlapping in Germanic of the two phonemes / i / ( represented in all environments by ) and / e / ( with the allophones and ) led to the occasional development of an e-allophone of i by systemic analogy ".

* Analogy: if the premise of the inviolability of sound laws fails, analogy can be applied as an explanation if plausible.

The 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection put forward an alternative explanation for complexity and adaptation, and so provided a counter-argument to the watchmaker analogy.

Richard Dawkins referred to the analogy in his 1986 book The Blind Watchmaker giving his explanation of evolution.

McCullagh says that an argument from analogy, if sound, is either a " covert statistical syllogism " or better expressed as an argument to the best explanation.

In any case, she told Thompson that she saw no reason why he might not see Katie again, `` now that this frank explanation has been made & no one can misunderstand ''.

An explanation for this choice can only be conjectured from Ibn al-Athir ’ s account of the battle between Alp-Arslan and Kutalmish, in which he writes that Alp-Arslan wept for the latter's death and greatly mourned the loss of his kinsman.

He also argues that the labor asymmetry can be explained in terms of a change in real wages, but this explanation fails to explain the business cycle in terms of resource allocation.

The fact that judgments of beauty and judgments of truth both are influenced by processing fluency, which is the ease with which information can be processed, has been presented as an explanation for why beauty is sometimes equated with truth.

Another likely explanation for the loss of its eyes is that of selective neutrality and genetic drift: in the dark environment of the cave, the eyes are neither advantageous nor disadvantageous and thus any genetic factors that might impair the eyes ( or their development ) can take hold with no consequence on the individual or species.

For a recent review, see The authors admits that their model " does not solve the entropy and flatness problems of standard cosmology ..... and we can provide no explanation for why the current universe is so close to being spatially flat.

His explanation was that everything is recorded, and if it is recorded, then it can be edited ( P-Orridge, 2003 ).

By 1918 we can find a shot of the sky being used to reflect the mood of one of the characters without specific explanation in The Gun Woman ( Frank Borzage ), but it must be emphasized that these examples are very rare, and did not either then, or within the next several years, constitute regular practice in the American cinema.

Coupled with the translation of dukkha as " suffering ", this gives rise to a causal explanation of suffering, and the impression that suffering can be totally terminated.

The term can also be used as an explanation for the poor quality of a digitized audio or video file.

Although new trade theory can explain the growing trend of trade volumes of intermediate goods, Krugman's explanation depends too much on the strict assumption that all firms are symmetrical, meaning that they all have the same production coefficients.

Usually ' internalism ' refers to the belief that an explanation can be given of the given subject by pointing to things which are internal to the person or their mind who is considering them.

A group of birds can leave the water and then land again, giving a sequence of wakes like an object breaking the surface, which Dick Raynor says is a possible explanation for his film.

This can reduce the validity of an alternative explanation to a limited sub-class of lift generating conditions, or might not allow a quantitative analysis.

Though he valued first-hand experience as part of a proper education, he did not intend to found a professional school, but advocated instruction in useful knowledge that combined elements of both professional and liberal education, writing that " The true and only practicable object of a polytechnic school is, as I conceive, the teaching, not of the minute details and manipulations of the arts, which can be done only in the workshop, but the inculcation of those scientific principles which form the basis and explanation of them, and along with this, a full and methodical review of all their leading processes and operations in connection with physical laws.

Strauss argued that the unavoidable nature of such arms races, which have existed before modern times and led to the collapse of peaceful civilizations, provides us with both an explanation of what is most truly dangerous in Machiavelli's innovations, but also the way in which the aims of his apparently immoral innovation can be understood.

The wave model can be used to make predictions about how an optical system will behave without requiring an explanation of what is " waving " in what medium.

A commonly proposed alternative explanation is that the universe is not transparent, and the light from distant stars is blocked by intermediate dark stars or absorbed by dust or gas, so that there is a bound on the distance from which light can reach the observer.

Sometimes what is called for is a certain sort of explanation — not a causal explanation, but an explanation for example of how two different views, which seem to be contrary to one another, can be held at the same time, consistently.

One can call this a philosophical explanation.

This mechanism is a potential explanation to how HIV virus can transform its genome into double stranded DNA from the RNA-DNA formed after reverse transcription of its RNA.

This explanation is more preferred under Occam's Razor than exogenesis since it theorizes that the creation of life is a matter of probability and can occur when the correct conditions are met rather than in exogenesis that assumes it is a singular event or that Earth did not meet those conditions on its own.