The decisive question is what happens within each congregation and, finally, in the minds and hearts of the individual members.

The letters of Ignatius of Antioch ( c. 35 – c. 107 ) indicate the several congregations were headed by individual bishops but that Rome's congregation was not.

In contrast to the other two forms, authority in the presbyterian polity flows both from the top down ( as higher assemblies exercise limited but important authority over individual congregations, e. g., only the presbytery can ordain ministers, install pastors, and start up, close, and approve relocating a congregation ) and from the bottom up ( e. g., the moderator and officers are not appointed from above but are rather elected by and from among the members of the assembly ).

The congregation thus placed on the conscience of the individual Christian the responsibility to avoid all writings dangerous to faith and morals, while at the same time abolishing the previously existing ecclesiastical law and the relative censures, without thereby declaring that the books that had once been listed in the various editions of the Index of Prohibited Books had become free of error and danger.

The term local churches was used by Watchman Nee to describe Christian churches that form based upon his teaching of the " ground of oneness " although that phrase has become more frequently used to refer to any individual Christian congregation in a city in recent years.

" However, CBF policies are not binding on individual congregations which make their own decisions regarding any issue ; neither can a congregation be excluded from the CBF for disagreeing with core values or policies.

The ballots are counted by the ministers already in office and, if a high enough percentage of the congregation votes for the same individual, he is elected.

The sacrament table is prepared before the congregation enters by placing whole slices of bread on trays and filling individual water cups ( thimble size ) which are also held in trays.

It may also have been used to mean a prayer that collected into one the prayers of the individual members of the congregation.

Closed communion may refer to either a particular denomination or an individual congregation serving Communion only to its own members.

Assemblies of God, Baptist and other churches that practice congregational polity, due to their autonomous nature, may ( depending on the individual congregation ) practice open or closed communion.

Most activity is either the action of an individual congregation ( and thus local in scope ) or the activity of individuals separate from churches ( and thus technically not an act of the churches as institutions ).

Ardaas is an informal talk / request by an individual / congregation, with a specific objective, and with faith for its fulfillment to the Almighty through the Guru.

Leaders are appointed in each local church congregation on the basis of their perceived virtue, the confidence of members in the individual and their natural abilities.

This reading is an obligation incumbent on the congregation, not an individual, and did not replace the Hakhel reading by the king.

Note however that each study group in a yeshivah may have its own shtender and in some older synagogues, individual members of the congregation may have their own shtenders.

In Protestant and Evangelical churches, individual ministers often kept records of faith-related events among the congregation, but under much less guidance from any central governing body.

If it is considered to be potentially beneficial to the whole church body, any worship music being played will subside for a moment, and the individual can address the congregation.

If the student doesn't have a relationship with the monastic teacher and the ceremony is a public one with a congregation present, their new name will tend to reflect the lineage / tradition rather than the individual person.

Individuals and congregations must submit to these decisions if they are going to remain in the denomination, and if an individual congregation refuses to do so, the broader assembly has the authority to declare that congregation to be outside the federation of churches.

-- liberal considers that the need for a national economy with controls that will assure his conception of social justice is so great that individual and local liberties as well as democratic processes may have to yield before it.

National responsibility for individual welfare is a concept not limited to the United States or even to the Western nations.

Recognizing that the Rule of Law is `` a dynamic concept which should be employed not only to safeguard the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society '', the Congress asserted that it also included the responsibility `` to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realized ''.

For better or for worse, we all now live in welfare states, the organizing principle of which is collective responsibility for individual well-being.

The content is not the same, however: rather than individual security, it is the security and continuing existence of an `` ideological group '' -- those in the `` free world '' -- that is basic.

Thus, there is freshness not only in the individual movements of the dance but in the shape of their continuity as well.

Its ontological status is itself most tenuous because apart from individual men, who are its `` matter '', tradition, the `` form '' of society exists only as a shared perception of truth.

He is a dreamer of the good society with a plan to put into effect, and he is an individual craftsman with something to make for himself and the people of his time.

Although we continue to pay our conversational devotions to `` free private enterprise '', `` individual initiative '', `` the democratic way '', `` government of the people '', `` competition of the marketplace '', etc., we live rather comfortably in a society in which economic competition is diminishing in large areas, bureaucracy is corroding representative government, technology is weakening the citizen's confidence in his own power to make decisions, and the threat of war is driving him economically and physically into the ground ''.

In any case but the last, such a course is sure to avenge itself upon the individual ; ;

The steady purpose of our society is to assure justice, before God, for every individual.

His Ethics defines `` possessions as the property of the community, of which the individual is sovereign steward.

He is uncompromising in assigning guilt to the man who finds it necessary to inflict or permit injury to one individual or group for the sake of a larger good.

One cannot read the records of scientists, officials and travelers who have penetrated to the minds of the most savage races without realizing that each individual met with is a person.

The human is deeper than a mass ideology, certainly deeper than the isolated individual ; ;

and the narrator recalls the words of his father, Vincent Berger: `` It is not by any amount of scratching at the individual that one finally comes down to mankind ''.

The private detective ( at least in the minds of listeners and readers all over the country ) is an individual hero fighting injustice.

When the fate of the individual is visited on the group, then ( the warm sweet butter dripped from her raised trembling fork and she pushed her head forward belligerently ), ah, then the true bitterness of existence could be tasted.

SBA makes loans to individual small business firms, providing them with financing when it is not otherwise available through private lending sources on reasonable terms.

Aalto claimed that his paintings were not made as individual artworks but as part of his process of architectural design, and many of his small-scale " sculptural " experiments with wood led to later larger architectural details and forms.

The regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders, but this led to the ratification of a new Constitution in 1974, giving more rights to the individual republics.

The changing economic and social conditions of the 19th led to a division between neo-classical and social liberals who, while agreeing on the importance of individual liberty, differed on the role of the state.

On September 4, 2007, a team led by Sam Levy published the first complete ( six-billion-letter ) genome of an individual human — Venter's own DNA sequence.

U. S. semiconductor manufacturers led the world in Large Scale Integration ( LSI ) semiconductor development, squeezing more and more functions into individual integrated circuits.

They study individual women who influenced their religion or whose religious faith led them to impact their culture.

Although parties were centered around the individual leaders, often bearing their names, two broad political tendencies existed: the liberals, led first by Charilaos Trikoupis and later by Eleftherios Venizelos, and the conservatives, led initially by Theodoros Deligiannis and later by Thrasivoulos Zaimis.

Performance statistics for individual hedge funds are difficult to obtain, as the funds have historically not been required to report their performance to a central repository and restrictions against public offerings and advertisement have led many managers to refuse to provide performance information publicly.

Russian GM Evgeny Bareev, at the time ranked eighth in the world, led going into tournament's last round, but was crushed by Polgár in their individual game allowing her to share first.

Up until the fourth tour in 1877, led by Lillywhite, touring teams had played first-class games against the individual colonial sides, but Lillywhite felt that his side had done well enough against New South Wales to warrant a game against an All Australian team.

However, a policy of non-enforcement has led to a situation where reliance upon non-enforcement has become common, and because of this the courts have ruled against the government when individual cases were prosecuted.

Native American leisure time led to competitive individual and team sports.

It may also be inequitable to allow a defendant to use the defense of the running of the limitations period, such as the case of an individual in the position of authority over someone else who intimidates the victim into never reporting the wrongdoing, or where one is led to believe that the other party has agreed to suspend the limitations period during good faith settlement negotiations or due to a fraudulent misrepresentation.

Initially Wade's government had the support of a broad section of groups opposed to the socialist government, but gradually individual parties have disassociated themselves from the government and joined the opposition efforts led by PS.

Leo Strauss ( in The City and Man ) locates the problem in the nature of Athenian democracy itself, about which, he argued, Thucydides had a deeply ambivalent view: on one hand, Thucydides ' own " wisdom was made possible " by the Periclean democracy, which had the effect of liberating individual daring, enterprise and questioning spirit, but this same liberation, by permitting the growth of limitless political ambition, led to imperialism and, eventually, civic strife.

The government is led by the First Minister, assisted by various Ministers with individual portfolios and remits.

In short, the rise of the individual as the basic social unit led to the rise of a single god replacing a divine family.

:: Austrian school economist Carl Menger wrote in his work Principles of Economics, " As each economizing individual becomes increasingly more aware of his economic interest, he is led by this interest, without any agreement, without legislative compulsion, and even without regard to the public interest, to give his commodities in exchange for other, more saleable, commodities, even if he does not need them for any immediate consumption purpose.

This led to the development of a two-dimensional gender identity model, in which masculinity and femininity were conceptualized as two separate, orthogonal dimensions, coexisting in varying degrees within an individual.

This led to inefficiencies in address use as well as routing because the large number of allocated small ( class-C ) networks with individual route announcements, being geographically dispersed with little opportunity for route aggregation, created heavy demand on routing equipment.

From Jung's perspective, this replacement of God with the state in a mass society led to the dislocation of the religious drive and resulted in the same fanaticism of the church-states of the Dark Ages — wherein the more the state is ' worshipped ', the more freedom and morality are suppressed ; this ultimately leaves the individual psychically undeveloped with extreme feelings of marginalization.

For the season, Carey averaged 7 marks, 18 disposals and 2. 6 goals per game, led the league in marks and contested marks and took out a host of individual awards from the media and Players ' Association as the seasons best player.

This led to the concept of communicating data not as a stream of individual cards, but one " continuous card ", or a tape.