Furthermore, it may be possible to estimate the error due to bias in method ( as distinguished from sampling error ) in each of these sources, on such subjects as fertility, mortality, and migration during a given interval by using information from two largely independent sources in conjunction.

* a confidence interval ( or set estimate ); i. e., an interval constructed using a dataset drawn from a population so that, under repeated sampling of such datasets, such intervals would contain the true parameter value with the probability at the stated confidence level,

This estimate is accurate for a long time interval and a high number of bit errors.

This may cause problems for murder cases in which larval flies are used to estimate the post mortem interval since eggs and larvae on the body may have been consumed prior to the arrival on scene of investigators.

The pig carcass represents a human body and can be used to illustrate various environmental effects on both arthropod succession and the estimate of the post mortem interval.

Silphidae are considered to be of importance to forensic entomologists because when they are found on a decaying body they are used to help estimate a post-mortem interval or PMI.

Silphinae colonize later in the decaying process and the adults eat the maggot mass, sometimes leaving little maggot evidence left to estimate a post-mortem interval.

Using this difference, one can estimate how far away the bolt of lightning is by timing the interval between seeing the flash and hearing thunder.

One application of SVD to rather large matrices is in numerical weather prediction, where Lanczos methods are used to estimate the most linearly quickly growing few perturbations to the central numerical weather prediction over a given initial forward time period – i. e. the singular vectors corresponding to the largest singular values of the linearized propagator for the global weather over that time interval.

It is also easier theoretically to deal with a point-in-time estimate versus a maximum over an interval.

Neyman ( 1937 ) identified interval estimation (" estimation by interval ") as distinct from point estimation (" estimation by unique estimate ").

In doing so, he recognised that then-recent work quoting results in the form of an estimate plus-or-minus a standard deviation indicated that interval estimation was actually the problem statisticians really had in mind.

In this context we would need a much larger sample size in order to reduce the confidence interval of our estimate to a range that is acceptable for our purposes.

* Confidence interval, an interval estimate of a population parameter used in statistics.

A 3 % margin of error means that if the same procedure is used a large number of times, 95 % of the time the true population average will be within the 95 % confidence interval of the sample estimate plus or minus 3 %.

It can be calculated as a multiple of the standard error, with the factor depending of the level of confidence desired ; a margin of one standard error gives a 68 % confidence interval, while the estimate plus or minus 1. 96 standard errors is a 95 % confidence interval, and a 99 % confidence interval runs 2. 58 standard errors on either side of the estimate.

Furthermore, one can find a neighborhood of Q in which the difference function is monotone, for since it is analytic it can have only a finite number of extrema in any interval.

In the third category the function is double-valued in this interval.

In the neighborhood of an end point of an interval of tangent points in the f-plane the function is two-valued or no-valued on one side, and is a single-valued function consisting entirely of tangent points on the other side.

The graph of f has at least one component whose support is the entire interval Aj.

We have shown that the graph of F contains at least one component whose inverse is the entire interval {0,T}, and whose multiplicity is odd.

For example, the open interval ( 0, 1 ) does not have a least element: if x is in ( 0, 1 ), then so is x / 2, and x / 2 is always strictly smaller than x.

The front porch is the first component of the horizontal blanking interval which also contains the horizontal sync pulse

# VBR-Variable bit rate: an average or Sustainable Cell Rate ( SCR ) is specified, which can peak at a certain level, a PCR, for a maximum interval before being problematic.

Antiderivatives are related to definite integrals through the fundamental theorem of calculus: the definite integral of a function over an interval is equal to the difference between the values of an antiderivative evaluated at the endpoints of the interval.

If F is an antiderivative of f, and the function f is defined on some interval, then every other antiderivative G of f differs from F by a constant: there exists a number C such that G ( x ) = F ( x ) + C for all x.

Assuming that the ion is accelerated during a very short interval, the ion can be assumed to be travelling at constant velocity.

Percentage of fluent speakers of Basque ( areas where Basque is not spoken are included within the 0-4 % interval ).

After a worrying interval she reveals that E. D. Wivens is a cat.

In electronic filter design, a filter specification may require that within the filter passband, the gain is nominally 0 dB +/- a small number of dB, for example within the +/- 1 dB interval.

Here K denotes the field of real numbers or complex numbers, I is a closed and bounded interval b and p, q are real numbers with 1 < p, q < ∞ so that

In this case, is the smallest σ-algebra that contains the open intervals of R. While there are many Borel measures μ, the choice of Borel measure which assigns for every interval is sometimes called " the " Borel measure on R. In practice, even " the " Borel measure is not the most useful measure defined on the σ-algebra of Borel sets ; indeed, the Lebesgue measure is an extension of " the " Borel measure which possesses the crucial property that it is a complete measure ( unlike the Borel measure ).

Private email ( Netmail ), public message boards ( Echomail ) and eventually even file attachments on a FidoNet-capable BBS would be bundled into one or more archive files over a set time interval.

Thus if one chooses an infinite number of points in the closed unit interval, some of those points must get arbitrarily close to some real number in that space.

If one chooses an infinite number of distinct points in the unit interval, then there must be some accumulation point in that interval.

It is also crucial that the interval be bounded, since in the interval one could choose the sequence of points, of which no sub-sequence ultimately gets arbitrarily close to any given real number.

A second consulship could only be attempted after an interval of 10 years to prevent one man holding too much power.

Intuitively, the process can be pictured as follows: first shrink the real line to the open interval (- π, π ) on the x-axis ; then bend the ends of this interval upwards ( in positive y-direction ) and move them towards each other, until you get a circle with one point ( the topmost one ) missing.

The rule is deterministic ; in other words, for a given time interval only one future state follows from the current state.

Then, using the periodic Bernoulli function P < sub > n </ sub > defined above and repeating the argument on the interval, one can obtain an expression of ƒ ( 1 ).

In the standard guitar-tuning, one major-third interval is interjected amid four perfect-fourth intervals.

Three provisional presidents held office during this interval ; one resigned and the army deposed the other two, Franck Sylvain and Fignolé.

But after a brief interval war broke out again, and again Sennacherib led an army into Judah, one detachment of which threatened Jerusalem (; ).

The Klein bottle can be seen as a fiber bundle over S < sup > 1 </ sup > as follows: one takes the square ( modulo the edge identifying equivalence relation ) from above to be E, the total space, while the base space B is given by the unit interval in y, modulo 1 ~ 0.

Example: In older Mercedes-Benz engines and in truck engines one can use engine oil MB 228. 1 for basic drain interval.

Next to these is a curved, suberect canine, followed after an interval by an isolated minute and often deciduous simple conical premolar ; then a contiguous series of one premolar and three molars, which differ from those of Camelus in having a small accessory column at the anterior outer edge.

In practice, LORAN is implemented in integrated regional arrays, or chains, consisting of one primary station and at least two ( but often more ) secondary stations, with a uniform group repetition interval ( GRI ) defined in microseconds.

If one also tapers dosage gradually, the result is that for weeks a depressed patient will have to bear the depression without chemical help during the drug-free interval.