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Page "Explosive material" ¶ 77
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oxidizer and is
Liquid oxygen is used as an oxidizer of hydrogen, but oxygen is not, strictly speaking, a fuel.
In the context of propulsion systems, an air-breathing engine is one that uses atmospheric air to oxidise the fuel carried rather than supplying an independent oxidizer, as in a rocket.
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel ( generally, fossil fuel ) occurs with an oxidizer ( usually air ) in a combustion chamber.
It is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate ( saltpeter )— with the sulfur and charcoal acting as fuels, while the saltpeter works as an oxidizer.
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel ( normally a fossil fuel ) occurs with an oxidizer ( usually air ) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.
Since air is plentiful at the surface of the earth, the oxidizer is typically atmospheric oxygen, which has the advantage of not being stored within the vehicle.
The energy density of a typical rocket propellant is often around one-third that of conventional hydrocarbon fuels ; the bulk of the mass is ( often relatively inexpensive ) oxidizer.
A solid rocket or a solid-fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants ( fuel / oxidizer ).
Composed of charcoal ( fuel ), potassium nitrate ( oxidizer ), and sulfur ( additive ), BP is one of the oldest pyrotechnic compositions with application to rocketry.
Composed of powdered zinc metal and powdered sulfur ( oxidizer ), ZS or " micrograin " is another pressed propellant that does not find any practical application outside of specialized amateur rocketry circles due to its poor performance ( as most ZS burns outside the combustion chamber ) and incredibly fast linear burn rates on the order of 2 m / s.
For a chemical rocket the propellant mass therefore would include both fuel and oxidizer ; for air-breathing engines only the mass of the fuel is counted, not the mass of air passing through the engine.
The thermite is simply a mixture of metal, often called the " fuel " and an oxidizer.
The oxidizer should contain at least 25 % oxygen, have high density, low heat of formation, and produce metal with low melting and high boiling point ( so the energy released is not consumed in evaporation of reaction products ).
The oxidizer used is usually either iron ( III ) oxide or iron ( II, III ) oxide.
Thermate composition is a thermite one enriched with a salt-based oxidizer ( usually nitrates, e. g. barium nitrate, or peroxides ).
The presence of the oxidizer makes the mixture easier to ignite and improves penetration of target by the burning composition, as the evolved gas is projecting the molten slag and providing mechanical agitation.
The nitrite anion is a mild oxidizer that oxidizes the soluble and mobile ferrous ions ( Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup >) present at the surface of the corroding steel and causes it to precipitate as an insoluble ferric hydroxide ( Fe ( OH )< sub > 3 </ sub >).
Nitrite is a much more active corrosion inhibitor than nitrate, a less powerful oxidizer of the divalent iron.
The other kind of tripropellant rocket is one that uses one oxidizer but two fuels, switching between the two in mid-flight.
The engine is basically two engines in one, with a common engine core with the engine bell, combustion chamber and oxidizer pump, but two fuel pumps and feed lines.

oxidizer and pure
A chemical explosive may consist of either a chemically pure compound, such as nitroglycerin, or a mixture of a fuel and an oxidizer, such as black powder or grain dust and air.
Most significantly, the LACE system is far heavier than a pure rocket engine having the same thrust ( air-breathing engines of almost all types have relatively poor thrust-to-weight ratios compared to rockets ), and the performance of launch vehicles of all types is particularly affected by increases in vehicle dry mass ( such as engines ) that must be carried all the way to orbit, as opposed to oxidizer mass that would be burnt off over the course of the flight.
For example, if a fuel and an oxidizer are to be mixed, then check valves will normally be used on both the fuel and oxidizer sources to ensure that the original gas cylinders remain pure and therefore nonflammable.
Most artists today use torches that burn either propane or natural gas, or in some countries butane, for the fuel gas, mixed with either air or pure oxygen as the oxidizer.

oxidizer and substance
An oxidizing agent ( also called an oxidant, oxidizer or oxidiser ) can be defined as a substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox chemical reaction.

oxidizer and molecule
In certain cases such as some explosives, the oxidizer and combustible are the same ( e. g., nitroglycerin, an unstable molecule that has oxidizing parts in the same molecule as the oxidizeable parts ).

oxidizer and chemical
In a conventional chemical rocket, chemical reactions of the fuel and oxidizer ( e. g. Oxygen and Kerosene ) heat the byproducts of the chemical reaction ( e. g. CO < sub > 2 </ sub > and H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ) to high temperatures as they are forced through a rocket nozzle.
In a conventional chemical rocket engine the rocket carries both its fuel and its oxidizer ( the reactant chemical which releases the enormous internal energy in the fuel ) with itself in flight.
The chemical reaction between the fuel and the oxidizer produces reactant products which are nominally gasses at the pressures and temperatures in the rocket's combustion chamber.
These can either be a single chemical that can be made to decompose exothermically, or a mixture of chemicals ( generally a fuel and an oxidizer ) that can be made to react with one another to release energy.
This means that there must be an " oxidizer "; because if any chemical is an electron donor ( reducer ), another must be an electron recipient ( oxidizer ).
Common chemical propellants are energetic materials and consist of a fuel ; like gasoline, jet fuel, rocket fuel, and an oxidizer.
This conclusion was reached based upon a specific impulse expected to reach 370 s if oxygen is used as oxidizer, a high density and power density, and the moderate boiling point, which causes the chemical to present fewer problems in storage than for example a fuel that needs to be kept at extremely low temperatures.
The self-sustained chemical chain reaction is a complex reaction that requires a fuel, an oxidizer, and heat energy to come together in a very specific way.
The oxidizer is the other reactive of the chemical reaction.
In this case there is no chemical interaction between coal and oxidizer before the reaction zone.
* Tetranitromethane, an organic oxidizer with the chemical formula C ( NO < sub > 2 </ sub >)< sub > 4 </ sub >
Like the photo-oxidation method, UV light is the oxidizer but the oxidation power of the reaction is magnified by the addition of a chemical oxidizer, which is usually a persulfate compound.
WFNA as an oxidizer has somewhat less performance than red fuming nitric acid but is considerably safer ( though extremely corrosive ), as it has little to no dissolved nitrogen tetroxide, which is an extremely toxic and volatile chemical.

oxidizer and reaction
Too low reaction temperature ( e. g. when producing silicon from sand ) can be boosted with addition of a suitable oxidizer ( e. g. sulfur in aluminium-sulfur-sand compositions ), too high temperatures can be reduced by using a suitable coolant and / or slag flux.
The high temperature of the flame causes the vaporized fuel molecules to decompose, forming various incomplete combustion products and free radicals, and these products then react with each other and with the oxidizer involved in the reaction.
As a result, the solubility behavior is " reversed " so that chlorinated hydrocarbons become soluble in the water, allowing single-phase reaction of aqueous waste with a dissolved oxidizer.
* Fuel and oxidizer for reaction control and propulsion systems.
Colored smoke devices use a formula that consists of an oxidizer ( typically potassium chlorate, KClO < sub > 3 </ sub >), a fuel ( generally sugar ), a moderant ( such as sodium bicarbonate ) to keep the reaction from getting too hot, and a powdered organic dye.
Combustion is an oxidation-reduction reaction, meaning oxidization of a combustible by an oxidizer ;
In this case the oxidizer passes through coke and ( more likely ) ashes to the reaction zone where it interacts with coal.
Another advantage of using the equivalence ratio is that ratios greater than one always represent excess fuel in the fueloxidizer mixture than would be required for complete combustion ( stoichiometric reaction ) irrespective of the fuel and oxidizer being used, while ratios less than one represent a deficiency of fuel or equivalently excess oxidizer in the mixture.
However, if the energy dissipated at the failure point is high enough, a self-sustaining exothermic reaction can start, similar to the thermite reaction, with metallic tantalum as fuel and manganese dioxide as oxidizer.
The reaction that occurs produces a strong oxidizer ( the persulfate radical ).

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