The first Western literature, including the Hurrian – Hittite literature, the first Greek polis and the two main schools of Ancient Greek philosophy seem to originate in this region.

Category: Ancient Middle Eastern wisdom literature

Category: Ancient philosophical literature

Adrienne Mayor, in introducing a bibliography on the topic, noted that most modern folklorists are largely unaware of classical parallels and precedents, in materials that are only partly represented by the familiar designation Aesopica: " Ancient Greek and Roman literature contains rich troves of folklore and popular beliefs, many of which have counterparts in modern contemporary legends " ( Such as Mayor, 2000 ).

" Also in 1990, Thomas McFarland stated, " Judging by the number and variety of critical effort to interpret their meaning, there may be no more palpably symbolic poems in all of English literature than Kubla Khan and The Ancient Mariner.

Beginning around the 3rd century BC, it took two centuries to become a dominant literature of Ancient Rome, with many educated Romans still reading and writing in Ancient Greek, as late as Marcus Aurelius ( 121 – 180 AD ).

It was 20 years, however, before the decipherment of the Egyptian texts was announced by Jean-François Champollion in Paris in 1822 ; it took longer still before scholars were able to read other Ancient Egyptian inscriptions and literature confidently.

The Rosetta Stone is therefore no longer unique, but it was the essential key to modern understanding of Ancient Egyptian literature and civilization.

* Ancient Greek literature

* Ancient literature

A few references to men changing into wolves are found in Ancient Greek literature and mythology.

The earliest playwrights in Western literature with surviving works are the Ancient Greeks.

Plato divided literature into the three classic genres accepted in Ancient Greece: poetry, drama, and prose.

Ancient Greek literature refers to literature written in Ancient Greek from the oldest surviving written works in the Greek language until approximately the fifth century AD and the rise of the Byzantine Empire.

* Ancient literature

Ancient literature of Bhutan is preserved in the National Library.

Ancient Greek society placed considerable emphasis upon literature.

Category: Ancient Greek erotic literature

* Ancient literature

The Epic of Gilgamesh has inspired many works of literature, art, music, as Theodore Ziolkowski points out in his book Gilgamesh Among Us: Modern Encounters With the Ancient Epic ( 2011 ).

Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BC referred to these fish as the " Thunderer of the Nile ", and described them as the " protectors " of all other fish.

The Ancient Indian Kama Sutra, dating from the first century AD, describes oral sex, discussing fellatio in great detail and only briefly mentioning cunnilingus.

Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.

The Atharvaveda, a sacred text of Hinduism dating from the Early Iron Age, is the first Indian text dealing with medicine, like the medicine of the Ancient Near East based on concepts of the exorcism of demons and magic.

Ancient authors disagree on the earliest institution of this office, with some dating it to the reign of Romulus, and also on the exact manner of selection.

It rich in history dating back to the Ancient Egyptians and the Ancient Nubians.

Documents have been recovered dating back to as early as Ancient Egypt and Ancient China that discuss the enjoyment and uses of herbal tea.

The architecture of Ancient Greece is the architecture produced by the Greek-speaking people ( Hellenic people ) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland and Peloponnesus, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Asia Minor and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC.

Ancient Roman coins dating to the 3rd century have been found in Iceland, but it is unknown whether they were brought there at that time, or came later with Viking settlers, having circulated as currency already for centuries.

Others who have accepted the Lederer / Cook explanation of the two methods of dating for the time of Pekah are Thiele in his second edition of Mysterious Numbers and later, Leslie McFall, Francis Andersen and David Noel Freedman in their commentary on Hosea in the Anchor Bible Series, T. C. Mitchell, in the Cambridge Ancient History, and Jack Finegan in his Handbook of Biblical Chronology.

In European manuscripts dating from the 13th century CE, " Ruthenia " is used to describe lands of the Ancient Rus, ie, parts of Eastern Europe.

The jewellery collection, containing over 6000 items is one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of jewellery in the world and includes works dating from Ancient Egypt to the present day, as well as jewellery designs on paper.

Although previously believed to have been built in an open field outside the city walls, the new parish church was in actuality likely built on an ancient cemetery dating back to Ancient Roman times ; excavations for a heating system in 2000 revealed graves, 2. 5 meters below the surface, which were carbon-dated to the 4th century.

Ancient Egyptian law, dating as far back as 3000 BC, had a civil code that was probably broken into twelve books.

The Egyptian Collection comprises more than 1, 900 pieces, dating from 3000 BCE to the 1st century CE and representing both Ancient Egypt, the Middle Kingdom and the Roman Period.

The primary blocking consisted of a wall of cemented limestone blocks, plastered and stamped with the seal of the Royal Necropolis ( with the jackal and nine captives motif ).< ref name =" reeves p. 42 "> Reeves, C. N., < cite > Valley of the Kings </ cite > ( Kegan Paul, 1990 ) p. 42 </ ref > Weigall later stated that a fragment of Tutankhamun's seal had been recovered from this original blocking .< ref > Weigall, A. E. P. B., < cite > The Treasury of Ancient Egypt </ cite > ( Rand McNally and Company, 1912 ) p. 208 </ ref > However, his statement is not corroborated by any of the other reports dating from the initial discovery, leaving Weigall's claim open to question .< ref > Davis, T. M., < cite > The Tomb of Queen Tiyi </ cite >, ( KMT Communications, 1990 ) p. vi .</ ref >< ref > Bell, M. R., < cite >" An Armchair Excavation of KV 55 ", JARCE 27 ( 1990 )</ cite > p. 136 </ ref >

The main palace at Ebla was also found to contain " antiques " dating from Ancient Egypt with the names of pharaohs Khafra and Pepi I. Handicrafts may also have been a major export: exquisite artifacts have been recovered from the ruins, including wood furniture inlaid with mother-of-pearl and composite statues created from different colored stones.

The Scottish equivalent is The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, dating in its modern form to 1687.

The, literally meaning " Collected Japanese Poems of Ancient and Modern Times ", and commonly abbreviated as, is an early anthology of the waka form of Japanese poetry, dating from the Heian period.

Written histories of Western art often begin with the art of the Ancient Middle East, Ancient Egypt and the Ancient Aegean civilisations, dating from the 3rd millennium BC.

One early example is the founding in 1877 of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings in Britain to protect the built heritage, this society continues to be active today.

However, early church documents, such as those of the First Council of Nicaea ( 325 ) had always listed the Pope of Rome first among the Ancient Patriarchs ( first four, and later five: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem — collectively referred to as the Pentarchy ).

File: Column drum Ephesus. JPG | Room 22-Column from the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, early 4th century, BC

Greek engineers were the first to use canal locks, by which they regulated the water flow in the Ancient Suez Canal as early as the 3rd century BC.

Calcium ( from Latin, genitive calcis, meaning " lime ") was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.

In Ancient Egyptian architecture as early as 2600 BC the architect Imhotep made use of stone columns whose surface was carved to reflect the organic form of bundled reeds ; in later Egyptian architecture faceted cylinders were also common.

Ancient Arabs also used election to choose their caliph, Uthman and Ali, in the early medieval Rashidun Caliphate ; and to select the Pala king Gopala in early medieval Bengal.

A photograph of the best known Ancient Rome | Roman era amphitheatre taken in the early evening.

An early example of the Golden Rule that reflects the Ancient Egyptian concept of Maat appears in the story of The Eloquent Peasant, which dates to the Middle Kingdom ( c. 2040 – 1650 BCE ): " Now this is the command: Do to the doer to cause that he do thus to you.

As early as 1819, in his famous speech “ On Ancient and Modern Liberty ,” the political philosopher Benjamin Constant, a proponent of constitutional monarchy and representative democracy, criticized Rousseau, or rather his more radical followers ( specifically the Abbé de Mably ), for allegedly believing that " everything should give way to collective will, and that all restrictions on individual rights would be amply compensated by participation in social power .”

Ancient historians describe Nero's early reign as being strongly influenced by his mother Agrippina, his tutor Seneca, and the Praetorian Prefect Burrus, especially in the first year.

A possible early kenning for " gold " ( walha-kurna " Roman / Gallic grain ") is attested in the Ancient Nordic runic inscription on the Tjurkö ( I )- C bracteate.

His work on other religions was interrupted by his sudden death in 1920, which prevented him from following Ancient Judaism with studies of early Christianity and Islam.

In Ancient Judaism, his fourth major work on the sociology of religion, Weber attempted to explain the factors which resulted in the early differences between Oriental and Occidental religiosity.

Ancient Romans such as Pliny ( N. H. 5. 10 ) thought that the river near Timbuktu was part of the Nile River, a belief also held by Ibn Battuta, while early European explorers thought that it flowed west and joined the Senegal River.

The Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy ( Discorsi ) nominally discuss a classical history of early Ancient Rome.

However, the paleographic analysis of the Ancient Turkic runes, in turn, leads to a conclusion about very early forming date for the Turkic runic alphabet in Southern Siberia and Jeti-Su, not later than the middle of the 1st millennium BC.

Goethe's associate Johann Gottfried Herder wrote an essay titled Extract from a correspondence about Ossian and the Songs of Ancient Peoples ( 1773 ) in the early days of the Sturm und Drang movement.

He concludes that whilst Christianity rejected anything " pagan " it did so only at a superficial level and that early Christianity was " deeply indebted " to Ancient Egypt.

Several works among the best known during this long period could be cited as an example, from Strabo ( Geography ), Eratosthenes ( Geography ) or Dionisio Periegetes ( Periegesis Oiceumene ) in the Ancient Age to the Alexander von Humboldt ( Cosmos ) in the century XIX, in which geography is regarded as a physical and natural science, of course, through the work Summa de Geografía of Martín Fernández de Enciso from the early sixteenth century, which is indicated for the first time the New World.

Inscriptions written by the Philistines have not yet been found or conclusively identified ; however, their early history is known to scholars from inscriptions in other ancient documents, such as Ancient Egyptian texts.

Cinnamon is native to Sri Lanka and has been found in Ancient Egypt as early as 1500 BC, suggesting early trade between Egypt and the island's inhabitants.