Some sources report that Uzbeg also married Andronikos III's illegitimate daughter, who had taken the name Bayalun, and who later, after relations between the Horde and the Byzantines deteriorated, fled back to the Byzantine Empire, apparently fearing her forced conversion to Islam.

One of Ivan Asen III's descendants, Irene Asanina ( daughter of his son Andronikos Asan ) married the future Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos and through their daughter Helena ( who married emperor John V Palaiologos ), became the ancestress of later Byzantine emperors.

In the summer of 1329, Andronikos III launched a relief attempt which culminated in a defeat at the Battle of Pelekanon on 10 June and in 1331, the city fell.

The failed attempt at usurpation by his older brother Andronikos IV Palaiologos in 1373 led to Manuel being proclaimed heir and co-emperor of his father.

In an attempt to escape the popular uprising that ended his rule, Andronikos fled from Constantinople with Anna and his mistress ( known only as Maraptike ).

Another oracle gave the date when the next Emperor would start to rule, and Andronikos I was greatly relieved, as the time was much too short for Isaac to make the crossing from Cyprus.

In 1299 the Bulgarian government attempted unsuccessfully to make an alliance with Stefan Milutin to the exclusion of the latter's projected alignment with the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos.

The Byzantines overran Bulgarian-controlled northeastern Thrace, but Ivan Alexander rushed southward with a small army and swiftly caught up with Andronikos III at Rusokastro.

Andronikos II also attempted to marry off his son and co-emperor Michael IX Palaiologos to the Latin Empress Catherine I of Courtenay, thus seeking to eliminate Western agitation for a restoration of the Latin Empire.

This gave Andronikos the opportunity to seize the crown for himself, leaving his retirement in 1182 and marching to Constantinople with an army that ( according to non-Byzantine sources ) included Muslim contingents.

However, as Andronikos ' rule went on, the Emperor became increasingly paranoid and violent – in September 1185, Andronikos ordered the execution of all prisoners, exiles and their families for collusion with the invaders – and the Byzantine Empire descended into a terror state.

When they reached Astrakhan, Uzbeg Khan had just given permission for one of his pregnant wives, Princess Bayalun, a daughter of Greek Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos, to return to her home city of Constantinople to give birth.

* Byzantine co-emperor Andronikos IV Palaiologos rebels against his father, John V Palaiologos, for agreeing to let Constantinople become a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.

Andronikos IV Palaiologos is allowed to remain as Byzantine co-emperor but is confined to the city of Silivri for the remainder of his life.

In 1290 he was visited by Andronikos II Palaiologos, who sought forgiveness for his father's blinding of John IV three decades earlier.

Andronikos, in some ways a capable ruler, was hated for his cruelty and his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient.

In July 1376 the Genoese helped Andronikos to escape from prison, whence he went straight to sultan Murad I, and agreed to return Gallipoli in return for his support.

* The most probable prototype of historical Jesus was a Byzantine emperor, Andronikos I Komnenos ( allegedly AD 1152 to 1185 ), known for his failed reforms, his traits and deeds reflected in ' biographies ' of many real and imaginary persons.

Fomenko claims that the most probable prototype of the historical Jesus was Andronikos I Komnenos ( allegedly AD 1152 to 1185 ), the emperor of Byzantium, known for his failed reforms ; his traits and deeds reflected in ' biographies ' of many real and imaginary persons.

Constantine Makrodoukas and Andronikos Doukas had had to stand surety for Isaac's fealty to the Emperor.

When he failed to return, Andronikos I Komnenos had them arrested for treason, although Constantine had been his loyal supporter so far.

In the Manolis Andronikos Room, for instance, there is an exhibition titled < I > The Coins of Macedonia from the 6 < SUP > th </ SUP > Century to 148 bc </ I >, with examples of coins that were circulating in Macedonia in that period.

After Manuel I's reign the Komnenos dynasty fell into conspiracies and plots like many of their ancestors ( and the various contenders within the family sought power and often succeeded in overthrowing the preceding kinsman ); Alexios II, the first Komnenos to ascend as a minor, ruled for three years and his conqueror and successor Andronikos I ruled for two, overthrown by the Angelos family under Isaac II who was dethroned and blinded by his own brother Alexios III.

Andronikos had Alexios II sign the order for his mother's execution, and appointed his own son Manuel and the sebastos George to execute her, but they refused.

Andronikos was a first cousin of Manuel and was known to have harbored imperial ambitions for himself.

Anna was Empress consort for two years, until the deposition of Andronikos in September 1185.

After returning to Trebizond, John II abandoned the title ' Emperor of the Romans ' for that of ' Emperor and Autocrat of all the East, the Iberians, and the Transmarine Provinces ', although Iberia had been lost in the reign of Andronikos I Gidos.

At this time, too, Theodora interceded with Andronikos to pay the ransom for her nephew, Isaac, a former Byzantine governor of Isauria now a captive in Armenia ; Andronikos afterwards regretted doing so, since Isaac rebelled and seized control of Cyprus.

* Eirene Angelina, who married ( 1 ) Andronikos Kontostephanos, and ( 2 ) Alexios Palaiologos, by whom she was the grandmother of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

Effective administrative authority during the reign of Andronikos III was wielded by his megas domestikos John Kantakouzenos, while the Emperor enjoyed himself hunting or waging war.

Despite these troubles Andronikos III secured the extension of Byzantine control over Thessaly in 1333 and Epirus in 1337, by taking advantage of succession crises in these principalities.

Andronikos III reorganized the Byzantine navy ( consisted of 10 ships by 1332 ) and reformed the judicial system by forming a panel of four universal judges whom he designated " Universal Justices of the Romans ".

The Dictionnaire historique et Généalogique des grandes familles de Grèce, d ' Albanie et de Constantinople ( 1983 ) by Mihail-Dimitri Sturdza adds a second illegitimate daughter of Andronikos, converting to Islam under the name Bayalun.

Andronikos II was also plagued by economic difficulties and during his reign the value of the Byzantine hyperpyron depreciated precipitously while the state treasury accumulated less than one seventh the revenue ( in nominal coins ) that it had done previously.

Constantine was forced to become a monk by his nephew Andronikos III Palaiologos.

The anger of the Emperor was again roused by this dishonour, and Andronikos was compelled to flee.

They were well received by the king, George III of Georgia, whose anonymous sister had probably been Andronikos ’ first wife.

While Andronikos was on one of his incursions, his castle was surprised by the governor of Trebizond, and Theodora and her two children were captured and sent to Constantinople.

Andronikos Komnenos ' arrival was soon followed by a massacre of the Latin inhabitants of the city, who virtually controlled the economy of the city, with the massacre resulting in the deaths of 80, 000 " Latins ", i. e. Westerners.

Alexios II was compelled to acknowledge Andronikos as colleague in the empire in front of the crowd on the terrace of the Church of Christ of the Chalkè and was then quickly put to death in turn ; the killing was carried out by Tripsychos, Theodore Dadibrenos and Stephen Hagiochristophorites.

The deposed Emperor attempted to escape in a boat with his wife Agnes and his mistress, but was captured ( note that by some, Andronikos not only survived, but also managed to escape to the then self-proclaimed Kingdom of Cyprus ).

Andronikos was portrayed in the novel Baudolino by Umberto Eco, with much detail being given to his grisly end.

* Macedonia-A Civilization Uncovered, BBC documentary on the excavations in Macedonia held by archaeologist Manolis Andronikos

In 1376 – 1379 and again in 1390 they were supplanted by Andronikos IV and then his son John VII, but Manuel personally defeated his nephew with help from the Republic of Venice in 1390.

Michael VIII Palaiologos was the son of the megas domestikos Andronikos Doukas Komnenos Palaiologos by Theodora Angelina, the granddaughter of Emperor Alexios III Angelos and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina.

Andronikos attempted to flee by boat but was apprehended.

Gold histamenon of Romanos IV: Michael VII Doukas flanked by his brothers Andronikos Doukas ( co-emperor ) | Andronikos and Konstantios Doukas | Konstantios on the obverse, Romanos IV and Eudokia Makrembolitissa crowned by Christ on the reverse