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Page "Transport in Antarctica" ¶ 13
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Antarctic and airports
TransAVIAexport's aircraft may be seen in the airports in Europe, Asia, USA, South America, Australia, Antarctic, the Middle East and Africa.

Antarctic and are
All ships at port are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty.
The Antarctic Treaty System's yearly Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings ( ATCM ) are the international forum for the administration and management of the region.
The timing of the opening of the Drake Passage, between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula, is more disputed ; tectonic and sediment evidence show that it could have been open as early as pre 34 Ma, estimates of the opening of the Drake passage are between 20 and 40 Ma.
Much of the biology in the area occurs along the major fronts of the current, the Subtropical, SubAntarctic, and the Antarctic Polar fronts, these are areas associated with well defined temperature changes.
Kerguelen Islands ( France ; also an EU Overseas territory ) are situated in the Antarctic Convergence area, while the Falkland Islands, Isla de los Estados, Hornos Island with Cape Horn, Diego Ramírez Islands, Campbell Island, Macquarie Island, Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands, Crozet Islands, Prince Edward Islands, and Gough Island and Tristan da Cunha group remain north of the Convergence and thus outside the Antarctic region.
Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
The total number of degree confluences is 64, 442, of which 21, 543 are on land, 38, 409 on water, and 4, 490 on the Antarctic and Arctic ice caps.
Neither are all extremophiles unicellular ; protostome animals found in similar environments include the Pompeii worm, the psychrophilic Grylloblattodea ( insects ), Antarctic krill ( a crustacean ) and Tardigrades ( water bears ).
The islands are located from the Isla de los Estados in Argentina ( and from the Argentine mainland ); from Chile ; west of the Shag Rocks ( South Georgia ) and north of the British Antarctic Territory ( which overlaps with the Argentine and Chilean claims to Antarctica in that region ).
His new armorials are shown above: Sable, a fess wavy between two pole stars Arctic and Antarctic argent
Many plants are characteristic of the Antarctic flora, and are related to plants found in southern South America, New Zealand and Australia.
Killer whales are found in all oceans, from the frigid Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical seas.
Probably the largest population lives in Antarctic waters, where they range up to the edge of the pack ice and are believed to venture into the denser pack ice, finding open leads much like beluga whales in the Arctic.
The islands, along with Adélie Land, the Crozet Islands and the Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands are part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands and are administered as a separate district.
* Polar maps of the Arctic or Antarctic regions are conventionally centred on the pole ; the direction North would be towards or away from the centre of the map, respectively.
However in the southern hemisphere, owing to the ozone hole phenomenon, the lowest amounts of column ozone found anywhere in the world are over the Antarctic in the southern spring period of September and October.
In the extreme cold of the Antarctic winter, the females are at sea fishing for food leaving the males to brave the weather by themselves.
This is also the distance that Antarctic tourists are told to keep from penguins ( tourists are not supposed to approach closer than 3 meters, but are not expected to withdraw if the penguins come closer ).

Antarctic and subject
The island became subject to the Antarctic Treaty in 1961.
On 23 June 1961, Peter I Island became subject to the Antarctic Treaty, after Norway's signing of the treaty in 1959.
Being south of 60 ° S, the island is subject to the Antarctic Treaty.
Because of issues concerning global climate change, the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent parts of the Weddell Sea and its Pacific continental shelf has been the subject of intensive geologic, paleontologic, and paleoclimatic research by interdisciplinary and multinational groups over the last several decades.
Vaughan Williams provided the music for the film Scott of the Antarctic in 1947, and was so inspired by the subject that he incorporated much of the music into a symphony.

Antarctic and severe
UAVSI, the UK manufacturer also produce a variant of their Vigilant light UAS ( 20 kg ) designed specifically for scientific research in severe climates such as the Antarctic.
To avoid encounters, Surprise ventures into the waters of the Antarctic Ocean, where they are forced to endure a severe storm.
He was widely criticised by the Royal Navy chiefs for his decision to cut back on government naval expenditure during the severe economic recession of the early 1980s ; the cuts originally included the proposed scrapping of the Antarctic patrol ship and withdrawal of numerous major surface vessels, including aircraft carriers, shortly before the outbreak of the Falklands War.
A change in motion between the South American plate and the Antarctic plate would have severe effects, causing seafloor spreading and the formation of the Scotia plate.
The chemistry of the Antarctic polar vortex has created severe ozone depletion.
Accordingly, the seasonal reduction of ozone levels over the Arctic is usually characterized as an " ozone dent ," whereas the more severe ozone depletion over the Antarctic is considered an " ozone hole.

Antarctic and restrictions
The major exception to this is in the Antarctic region, where the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources regime has instituted extensive bottom trawling restrictions.

Antarctic and resulting
The resulting Antarctic Bottom Water ( AABW ) sinks and flows north into the Atlantic Basin, but is so dense it actually underflows the NADW.

Antarctic and from
Travelling in a specially designed six wheel drive vehicle, the team completed the journey from the Antarctic coast at Patriot Hills to the geographic South Pole in 69 hours.
A number of tour boats, ranging from large motorized vessels to small sailing yachts, visit the Antarctic Peninsula during the summer months ( January – March ).
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current ( ACC ) is an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica.
In December 2009, the growth of tourism, with consequences for both the ecology and the safety of the travellers in its great and remote wilderness, was noted at a conference in New Zealand by experts from signatories to the Antarctic Treaty.
All present species belong to the subclass Neornithes, and inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic.
After the tectonic creation of Drake Passage, when South America fully detached from Antarctica during the Oligocene, the climate cooled significantly due to the advent of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which brought cool deep Antarctic water to the surface.
Deep water circulation is controlled primarily by inflows from the Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea, and Antarctic currents.
He found a concentration of 60 parts per trillion of CFC-11 over Ireland and, in a partially self-funded research expedition in 1972, went on to measure the concentration of CFC-11 from the northern hemisphere to the Antarctic aboard the research vessel RRS Shackleton.
It took several other attempts to establish the Antarctic losses as real and significant, especially after NASA had retrieved matching data from its satellite recordings.
They also speculate that it may have contributed in some way to the separation of Australia from the Antarctic landmass, which were both part of a supercontinent called Gondwana.
Studies of bacteria frozen in Antarctic glaciers have shown that DNA has a half-life of 1. 1 million years under such conditions, suggesting that while life may have potentially moved around within the Solar System it is unlikely that it could have arrived from an interstellar source.
In December he was released on half-pay, to take up the full-time command of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910, to be known as the Terra Nova Expedition from its ship, Terra Nova.
On its journey from New Zealand to the Antarctic, Terra Nova was trapped in pack ice for 20 days, far longer than other ships had experienced, which meant a late-season arrival and less time for preparatory work before the Antarctic winter.
" Daily Telegraph columnist Jasper Rees, likening the changes in explorers ' reputations to climatic variations, suggests that " in the current Antarctic weather report, Scott is enjoying his first spell in the sun for twenty-five years ". The New York Times Book Review was more critical, pointing out Crane's support for Scott's discredited claims regarding the circumstances of the freeing of the Discovery from the pack ice, and concluded " For all the many attractions of his book, David Crane offers no answers that convincingly exonerate Scott from a significant share of responsibility for his own demise.

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