Antoninus Pius (; born 19 September 86AD – died 7 March 161AD ), also known as Antoninus, was Roman Emperor from 138AD to 161AD.

Antoninus ’ father and paternal grandfather died when he was young and he was raised by Gnaeus Arrius Antoninus, his maternal grandfather, reputed by contemporaries to be a man of integrity and culture and a friend of Pliny the Younger.

When Faustina died in 141, Antoninus was greatly distressed.

It was however in Britain that Antoninus decided to follow a new, more aggressive path, with the appointment of a new governor in 139, Quintus Lollius Urbicus.

Nevertheless, Antoninus was virtually unique among emperors in that he dealt with these crises without leaving Italy once during his reign, but instead dealt with provincial matters of war and peace through their governors or through imperial letters to the cities such as Ephesus ( of which some were publicly displayed ).

His body was placed in Hadrian's mausoleum, a column was dedicated to him on the Campus Martius, and the temple he had built in the Forum in 141 to his deified wife Faustina was rededicated to the deified Faustina and the deified Antoninus.

Antoninus in many ways was the ideal of the landed gentleman praised not only by ancient Romans, but also by later scholars of classical history, such as Edward Gibbon or the author of the article on Antoninus Pius in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica:

His full nomenclature shows that his grandfather or other ancestor was probably given Roman citizenship by the emperor Antoninus Pius, while proconsul of Asia.

The Antonine Plague was named after Marcus Aurelius ’ family name of Antoninus.

In the reign of Antoninus Pius ( 138-161 ) the Hadrianic border was briefly extended north to the Forth-Clyde isthmus, where the Antonine Wall was built around 142 following the military reoccupation of the Scottish lowlands by a new governor, Quintus Lollius Urbicus.

The second occupation was probably connected with Antoninus ' undertakings to protect the Votadini or his pride in enlarging the empire, since the retreat to the Hadrianic frontier occurred not long after his death when a more objective strategic assessment of the benefits of the Antonine Wall could be made.

Macrinus now sent letters to the Senate denouncing Elagabalus as the False Antoninus and claiming he was insane.

The Dialogue is a later work than the First Apology ; the date of composition of the latter, from the fact that it was addressed to Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, and Lucius Verus his adopted sons, must fall between 147 and 161.

One of these springs was upon the Muses ' Mount Helicon, the Hippocrene (" horse spring "), opened, Antoninus Liberalis suggested, at the behest of Poseidon to prevent the mountain swelling with rapture at the song of the Muses ; another was at Troezen.

This wealth was shown by the many monuments that were particularly imposing considering the relatively small size of the urban area: the forum, laid out in two terraces on both sides of the main road, was constructed in several phases between the reigns of Claudius and Antoninus Pius, and the theatre was enlarged and expanded in order to hold Roman games.

Also according to the Augustan History, his wife was a Roman woman called Fabia Orestilla, born circa 165, who the Augustan History claims was a descendant of Roman Emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius through her father Fulvus Antoninus.

Christian Settipani gives as her parents Marcus Annius Severus, who was a Suffect Consul, and wife Silvana, born circa 140, daughter of Lucius Plautius Lamia Silvanus and wife Aurelia Fadilla, daughter of Antoninus Pius and wife Annia Galeria Faustina or Faustina the Elder.

According to the notoriously unreliable Historia Augusta, his mother was a Roman woman called Fabia Orestilla, born circa 165, who the Augustan History claims was a descendant of Roman Emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius through her father Fulvus Antoninus.

Diadumenian was born on the 14th of September 208 or, according to Historia Augusta, on the 19th of September because he shared the same birthday with the Emperor Antoninus Pius.

He was born Marcus Opellius Diadumenianus, but his name was changed and added Antoninus to solidify connection to the family of Marcus Aurelius as done by Caracalla.

Denarius of Faustina IAnnia Galeria Faustina, more familiarly referred to as Faustina I ( Latin: Faustina Major ; born on September 21, in about 100 ; died in October or November of 140 ), was a Roman Empress and wife of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius.

# Titus Aelius Antoninus ( born after 150, died before 7 March 161 )

Bernardo was born in France or Navarre, and devoted himself to the reconstruction of the original cathedral built over the crypt of the local Saint Antolín ( Antoninus of Pamiers ), the patron saint of Palencia, who is venerated here alone, with his Ferias, a moveable feast in September.

It possessed many other temples, repaired by Antoninus Pius, who was born close by, as was also Commodus.

* Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, born Marcus Annius Verus, nephew of Antoninus Pius, and emperor from AD 161 to 180.

* Antoninus of Sorrento, catholic saint born at Campagna

He acquired much favor with the Emperor Hadrian, who adopted him as his son and successor on 25 February 138, after the death of his first adopted son Lucius Aelius, on the condition that Antoninus would in turn adopt Marcus Annius Verus, the son of his wife's brother, and Lucius, son of Aelius Verus, who afterwards became the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.

He had a close friendship with " Antoninus ", possibly Antoninus Pius, who would consult Rabbi Judah on various worldly and spiritual matters.

After the longest reign since Augustus ( surpassing Tiberius by a couple of months ), Antoninus died of fever at Lorium in Etruria, about twelve miles ( 19 km ) from Rome, on 7 March 161, giving the keynote to his life in the last word that he uttered when the tribune of the night-watch came to ask the password —" aequanimitas " ( equanimity ).

He had a close friendship with " Antoninus ", possibly the Emperor Antoninus Pius, who would consult Judah on various worldly and spiritual matters.

* February 25 – Emperor Hadrian makes Antoninus Pius his successor, on condition that he adopts Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.

* Antoninus Liberalis writes a work on mythology ( Μεταμορφωσεων Συναγωγη ) ( approximate date ).

Aeternitas was among the many virtues depicted on coinage issued under Vespasian, Titus, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Septimius Severus.

The figure of Liberty on some of the coins of Antoninus Pius, struck A. D. 145, holds this cap in the right hand.

Pietas, as a virtue of the emperor Antoninus Pius, represented by a woman offering a sacrifice on the reverse of this sestertius

Providentia appeared on Roman coins issued under Vespasian, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Septimius Severus, Commodus and Diocletian.

An As ( Roman coin ) | As coin from the reign of Antoninus Pius struck in 154 AD showing Britannia on the reverse

The apostle Paul claimed rank and privilege as a Roman citizen on account of his birth at Tarsus ; the Caledonian tribes in the south of Scotland were invested with the same rights by an edict of Antoninus Pius.

Antoninus was adopted by Hadrian on the condition that Verus and Hadrian ’ s great-nephew Marcus Aurelius was to be adopted by Antoninus as his sons and heirs.

Antoninus died on 7 March 161, and was succeeded by Marcus Aurelius.

Her image appears on the base of the column of Antoninus Pius.

Melito wrote against idolatry, or relying on teachings of Church fathers to condemn it ( Melito's Apology addressed to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus ).

The name was given to it because an ancient Roman document called the Historia Augusta ( of generally low reliability ) refers to silver coins named after an Antoninus on several occasions ( several Roman emperors in the late second and early third centuries bore this name among others ).