Many Apachean ceremonies use masked representations of religious spirits.

The Apachean tribes have two distinctly different kinship term systems: a Chiricahua type and a Jicarilla type.

Since the Navajo and the other Apache groups are clearly related through culture and language, they are all considered Apachean.

The Plains migration theory associates the Apachean peoples with the Dismal River culture, an archaeological culture known primarily from ceramics and house remains, dated 1675 – 1725, which has been excavated in Nebraska, eastern Colorado, and western Kansas.

An archaeological material culture assemblage identified in this mountainous zone as ancestral Apachean has been referred to as the " Cerro Rojo complex ".

The anthropologist Grenville Goodwin ( 1938 ) classified the Western Apache into five groups based on Apachean dialect and culture:

Apachean culture history and ethnology.

The Apachean culture pattern and its origins.

), Apachean culture history and ethnology ( pp. 3 – 6 ).

* Chiricahua are one of the seven major Apachean groups, ranging in southeastern Arizona.

The Mescalero are one of the 7 major Apachean groups, generally living in what is now eastern New Mexico and western Texas.

The Plains Apache ( also called Kiowa-Apache, Naisha, Naʼishandine ) are one of the 7 major Apachean groups, generally living in what is now Oklahoma.

The notion of " tribe " in Apachean cultures is very weakly developed ; essentially it was only a recognition " that one owed a modicum of hospitality to those of the same speech, dress, and customs.

Apachean peoples speak one or more of seven Southern Athabascan languages, which have relatively similar grammatical structures and sound systems.

The various dialects of Western Apache ( called by them Ndee biyati ' / Nnee biyati ) are a form of Apachean, a branch of the Southern Athabaskan language family.

* Natagés ( Nah-tah-hay, also Natagees, Apaches del Natafé, Yabipais Natagé, Natageses, Natajes, from Nadahéndé-" People of the Mescal ", Original Apachean group who would become the Mescalero and Salinero, were oft called by the Spanish and Apaches themselves true Apaches, which had had a considerable influence on the decision making of some bands of the Western Lipan in the 18th century )

" Remuneration to supernaturals and man in Apachean ceremonialism ", Ethnology, 7 ( 4 ), 356 – 393.

" Problems in Apachean cultural history, with special reference to the Lipan Apache ", Anthropological Quarterly, 48 ( 3 ), 182 – 192.

These indigenous peoples of North America speak a Southern Athabaskan ( Apachean ) language, which is related linguistically to the languages of Athabaskan speakers of Alaska and western Canada.

Southern Athabascan ( or Apachean ) is sub-family of the larger Athabascan family, which is a branch of Nadene.

There are several hypotheses concerning Apachean migrations.

However, all Apachean languages are endangered, including Navajo.

Lipan Apache are Southern Athabascan ( Apachean ) people whose traditional territory includes present-day Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas prior to the 17th century.

These are considered the three dialects of Apachean.

Apachean tribes ca.

Many other bands and groups of Apachean language-speakers ranged over eastern Arizona and the American Southwest.

The Apachean groups and the Navajo peoples were part of the Athabaskan migration into the North American continent from Asia, across the Bering Strait from Siberia.

Among the last of such splits were those that resulted in the formation of the different Apachean bands whom the later Europeans encountered: the southwestern Apache groups and the Navajo.

This forced the Apachean people to change their lives as nomads, free on the land.

Apachean cultures roamed the county until Comanche dominated around 1700.

Apachean peoples formerly ranged over eastern Arizona, northern Mexico, New Mexico, west and southwest Texas and southern Colorado.

The Apachean groups had little political unity ; the major groups spoke seven different languages and developed distinct and competitive cultures.

The Apachean tribes were historically very strong and strategic, opposing the Spanish and Mexican peoples for centuries.

Apachean tribes ca.

Most commonly, Europeans learned to identify the tribes by translating their exonym, what another group whom the Europeans encountered first called the Apachean peoples.

But, the name has also been used more widely to refer to the Apache in general, Western Apache, or an Apachean band in the high plains of southern Colorado to Kansas.

* Gileño ( also Apaches de Gila, Apaches de Xila, Apaches de la Sierra de Gila, Xileños, Gilenas, Gilans, Gilanians, Gila Apache, Gilleños ) was used to refer to several different Apachean and non-Apachean groups at different times.

But, since the term was used indiscriminately for all Apachean groups west of the Rio Grande ( i. e. in southeast Arizona and western New Mexico ), the reference in historical documents is often unclear.

One of the 7 major Apachean groups, the Jicarilla Apache live in northern New Mexico, southern Colorado, and the Texas Panhandle.

One of the 7 major Apachean peoples.

The term has also been used to refer to any supposed Apachean tribe found on or associated ( usually culturally ) with the North American Plains.