Examples of such courts include the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals ( which existed from 1844 to 1947 ), the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors ( which has been renamed the Connecticut Supreme Court ), the Kentucky Court of Errors ( renamed the Kentucky Supreme Court ), and the Mississippi High Court of Errors and Appeals ( since renamed the Supreme Court of Mississippi ).

Along with his two Supreme Court appointments, Clinton appointed 66 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals, and 305 judges to the United States district courts.

After a decision in favor of Borland by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, the case went to the United States Supreme Court.

Other courts, for example, the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the Supreme Court, always sit en banc, and thus the later decision controls.

* Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia

In addition to his five Supreme Court appointments, Eisenhower appointed 45 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals, and 129 judges to the United States district courts.

* Douglas H. Ginsburg, judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and Ronald Reagan's nominee to the United States Supreme Court

The United States Supreme Court ( in Penry v. Lynaugh ) and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ( in Bigby v. Dretke ) have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Eighth Amendment rights, saying that the jury is to be instructed to consider mitigating factors when answering unrelated questions.

The U. S. Supreme Court, in turn, has appellate jurisdiction ( of a discretionary nature ) over the Courts of Appeals, as well as the state supreme courts, by means of writ of certiorari.

" In Simpson v. Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the Supreme Court's holding in the Marsh case meant that the " Chesterfield County could constitutionally exclude Cynthia Simpson, a Wiccan priestess, from leading its legislative prayers, because her faith was not ' in the Judeo-Christian tradition.

The summary judgment ruling was upheld by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, but was unanimously reversed by the US Supreme Court in a decision titled MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.

The Lansing Metropolitan Area, colloquially referred to as " Mid-Michigan ", is an important center for educational, cultural, governmental, business, and high-tech manufacturing, including two medical schools, one veterinary school, two nursing schools, two law schools, including the nation's largest law school ( Thomas M. Cooley Law School ), a Big Ten Conference university ( Michigan State ), the Michigan State Capitol, the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, a federal court, the Library of Michigan and Historical Center, and headquarters of four national insurance companies.

The judiciary is modeled on the French system, with a High Constitutional Court, High Court of Justice, Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, criminal tribunals, and tribunals of first instance.

The Circuit Courts of Appeals can interpret the law how they want, so long as there is no binding Supreme Court precedent.

The Cour de Cassation ( Highest Appeals Court, equivalent to the U. S. Supreme Court ) and the Constitutional Council, the justices of which are named by the President, are the nation's highest tribunals.

* Appeals always go to the Provincial Court of Appeal first, and then on to the Supreme Court of Canada.

West Virginia mixes the two ; its highest court is called the " Supreme Court of Appeals ".

Oklahoma and Texas have two separate supreme courts: one for criminal appeals and one for civil cases-the former being called Court of Criminal Appeals, and the latter the Supreme Court.

The Court of Appeals affirmed.

The Third Circuit Court of Appeals is reviewing an appeal from the plan.

Mr. Simpkins will move into the post being vacated by Thomas B. Finan, earlier named Attorney General to succeed C. Ferdinand Sybert, who will be elevated to an associate judgeship on the Maryland Court of Appeals.

The Tax Court decision and a similar earlier finding by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals challenges a year-old I.R.S. ruling on the subject.

The District of Columbia Court of Appeals | Court of Appeals in Washington, D. C.

* Court of Appeals

Some jurisdictions have specialized appellate courts, such as the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which only hears appeals raised in criminal cases, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has general jurisdiction but derives most of its caseload from patent cases, on the other hand, and appeals from the Court of Federal Claims on the other.

The United States federal courts are divided into twelve regional circuits, each with a circuit court of appeals ( plus a thirteenth, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which hears appeals in patent cases and cases against the federal government, without geographic limitation ).

In some cases, appeals are also handled internally ( for example, EPA's Environmental Appeals Board ).

Appeals from the Court of Appeal are sent to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, which essentially is the same body as the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords.

Appeals are treated almost as new trials, and three degrees of trial are present.

Appeals are dealt with by the Staff of Government Division with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom.

' Lower courts then set guidelines for identifying ' junk science ,' such as the 2005 opinion of United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit Judge Easterbrook, ' Positive reports about magnetic water treatment are not replicable ; this plus the lack of a physical explanation for any effects are hallmarks of junk science.

Appeals for Whitacre's full pardon or clemency to the White House are supported by several current and former justice department officials: Dean Paisley, a retired 25-year veteran and former FBI supervisor on the price-fixing case ; two other FBI agents involved with the case ; a former Attorney General of the United States ; one of the former Asst.

Appeals in standard judicial processes, if appealed to the Apostolic See, normally are not handled by the Signatura.

" Fraud upon the court " has been defined by the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals to " embrace that species of fraud which does, or attempts to, defile the court itself, or is a fraud perpetrated by officers of the court so that the judicial machinery can not perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases that are presented for adjudication ".

Maryland's jury trial courts are called " Circuit Courts " ( non-jury trials are usually conducted by the " District Courts ," whose decisions may be appealed to the Circuit Courts ), and the intermediate appellate court is called the " Court of Special Appeals ".

Appeals are frequently based on a claim that the trial judge or jury did not allow or appreciate all the facts ; if that claim is successful the appeal judges will often order a trial " de novo ".

Appeals filed prior to that date are heard by the Appellate Division of the District Court.

Appeals from the federal District Court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Appeals and writs that are related to a current action do not count as “ final determinations ” or additional determinations, because until all avenues of appeal have been exhausted the determinations cannot be construed as “ final ”.

Consequently, New York trial judges are called " justices ", while the judges on the Court of Appeals are " judges ".

Appeals from courts of limited jurisdiction are frequently sent to state trial courts of general jurisdiction rather than to an appellate court.

* In Maryland and New York, the Court of Appeals is the highest state court, and in New York the Supreme Court, Civil Court, and Criminal Court collectively are lower.

Appeals are heard by the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada.