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Aramaic and gradually
After this Asuristan-Assyria was also dissolved as a geo-political entity, and the native Aramaic speaking and largely Christian populace gradually underwent a process of Arabisation and Islamification, with only the Assyrians / Chaldo-Assyrians of the north ( known as Ashuriyun by the Arabs ) and Mandeans of the south retaining their religions and a distinct Mesopotamian identity and language, which they still do to this day.
Although marginalized by Greek in the Hellenistic period, Aramaic in its varying dialects remained unchallenged as the common language of all Semitic peoples of the region until the Arab Islamic conquest of Mesopotamia in the 7th century AD after which it was gradually superseded by Arabic.
Christianity began to take hold from the 1st to 3rd Centuries AD, and the Aramaic language gradually supplanted Canaanite in Phonecia and Hebrew in Israel / Palestine.
However the Aramaic script gradually displaced the Paleo-Hebrew script for the Jews, and it became the source for the modern Hebrew alphabet.
# Aramaic gradually becomes the language of outer life ( in the marketplace for example ).
# Aramaic gradually replaces Hebrew in the home, and the latter is used only in religious activity.
Today, most first-language speakers of Jewish Aramaic live in Israel, but their distinct languages are gradually being eroded in a sea of Modern Hebrew.

Aramaic and became
The Greek alphabet evolved into the modern western alphabets, such as Latin and Cyrillic, while Aramaic became the ancestor of many modern abjads and abugidas of Asia.
The Aramaic alphabet is adapted from the Phoenician alphabet and became distinctive from it by the 8th century BCE.
In the Neo-Assyrian period the Aramaic language became increasingly common, more so than Akkadian — this was thought to be largely due to the mass deportations undertaken by Assyrian kings, in which large Aramaic-speaking populations, conquered by the Assyrians, were relocated to Assyria and interbred with the Assyrians.
Aramaic, which had already become common in Mesopotamia, then became the official provincial administration language of first the Neo Assyrian Empire, and then the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
Under the great inspiration of Saint Anthony the Great ( 251-356 ), ascetic monks led by Saint Pachomius ( 286-346 ) formed the first Christian monastic communities under what became known as an Abbot, from the Aramaic abba ( father ).
During the Neo Assyrian Empire Mesopotamian Aramaic became the lingua franca of the empire, and also Mesopotamia proper.
As president of Yale, Stiles also became its first professor of Semitics, and required all students to study Hebrew ( as was also the case at Harvard ); his first commencement address in September, 1781 ( no ceremonies having been held during the American Revolutionary War ) was delivered in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic.
Gundeshapur became the focal point of the combination of Greek and Indian sciences along with Persian and Aramaic traditions.
When the Son of God incarnated and became the Christ, he had to speak Aramaic ; he could only conduct himself as a Hebrew of his times [...] His religious message, however universal it might be, was conditioned by the past and present history of the Hebrew people.
Jubilees was immediately adopted by the Hasmoneans, and became a source for the Aramaic Levi Document.
Persian became to a great extent the language of everyday life among the Jews of Babylonia ; and a hundred years after the conquest of that country by the Sassanids an amora of Pumbedita, Rab Joseph ( d. 323 ), declared that the Babylonian Jews had no right to speak Aramaic, and should instead use either Hebrew or Persian.
It is possible that the language and literature for administration and record-keeping of the imperial chancellery for external affairs naturally became Parthian, based on the Aramaic script.
Some of the first translations of the Jewish Torah began during the first exile in Babylonia, when Aramaic became the lingua franca of the Jews.
Under its Nabatean dynasties, Osroëne became increasingly influenced by Aramaic culture and was a centre of national reaction against Hellenism.
During the late Hellenistic Period, Al Karak became an important town taking its name from the Aramaic word for town, Kharkha.
Employed in 1807 in the manuscript department of the imperial library, he passed to the chair of Greek in university of Rouen in 1809, entered the Academy of Inscriptions in 1815, taught Hebrew and Aramaic in the Collège de France from 1819, and finally in 1838 became professor of Persian in the School of Living Oriental Languages, on the death of Silvestre de Sacy.
Aramaic became the lingua franca of the Fertile Crescent largely during the Neo-Assyrians ( ca.
Upon his death in 323 BC this area became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire, at which point Greek replaced Aramaic as the official language of Empire.
It includes the core component, the Mishna, finalized by Rabbi Judah the Prince ( c. 200 CE ) along with the written discussions of generations of rabbis in the Land of Israel ( primarily in the academies of Tiberias and Caesarea ) which was compiled c. 350-400 CE into a series of books that became the Gemara ( – from gamar: Hebrew " complete "; Aramaic " study ").
The traditional Peru ( from Spanish " Pedro "), Pello or Piarres ( from French " Pierre "), all meaning " Peter ", became Kepa from Aramaic כיפא ( Kepha ).
As time passed, these Jewish dialects often became so different from the parent languages as to constitute new languages, typically with a heavy influx of Hebrew and Aramaic loanwords and other innovations within the language.
The word " Hosanna " is derived from Aramaic ( הושע נא ) ( see Aramaic of Jesus # Hosana ) from Hebrew ( הושיעה נא ) (, הו ֹ ש ִׁ יע ָ ה נ ָּ א ), meaning " help " or " save, I pray ", " an appeal that became a liturgical formula ; as part of the Hallel ... familiar to everyone in Israel.

Aramaic and lingua
This is primarily due to the widespread usage of the Aramaic language as both a lingua franca and the official language of the Neo-Assyrian, and its successor, the Achaemenid Empire.
Most of it is written in Aramaic, which, at the time of its original composition, was the lingua franca of the Jewish people.
Finally, the rabbis claimed for the Hebrew language a divine authority, in contrast to Aramaic or Greek-even though these languages were the lingua franca of Jews during this period ( and Aramaic would eventually be given the same holy language status as Hebrew ).
The Early Christian Church used the Greek texts since Greek was a lingua franca of the Roman Empire at the time, and the language of the Greco-Roman Church ( Aramaic was the language of Syriac Christianity, which used the Targums ).
With the adoption of Aramaic as the ' lingua franca ' of the Neo Assyrian Empire, Old Aramaic was also adapted to Mesopotamian Cuneiform.
Western Aramaic, one of the two lingua francas of Canaanite civilization, is still spoken in a number of small Syrian villages, whilst Phoenician Canaanite disappeared as a spoken language in about 100 AD.
After the conquest of Mesopotamia and Aramea ( Syria ) by Alexander the Great, Syriac and other Aramaic dialects lost their status as imperial languages but continued to flourish a lingua franca alongside Ancient Greek.
Gibson chose to use Latin instead of Greek, which was the lingua franca of that particular part of the Roman Empire at the time, so that the audience could easily distinguish between the sound of Italianate Latin and Semitic Aramaic.
Under Greek reign it was known as Karkha D-Bet Slokh, which means ' Citadel of the House of Seleucid ' in Mesopotamian Aramaic, the lingua franca of the Fertile Crescent in that era.
Though some fragments on papyrus are much older, the largest number of papyri are written in Aramaic, the lingua franca of the Persian Empire, and document the Jewish community among soldiers stationed at Elephantine under Persian rule, 495-399 BCE.
By contrast, the Aramaic language came to be the lingua franca of the entire Fertile Crescent, by Late Antiquity developing into the literary languages such as Syriac and Mandaic.
Conversely, the eastern Aramaic language was adopted as the lingua franca of the Neo Assyrian Empire, and the Neo Babylonian and Achaemenid empires that succeeded it, leading to the Assyro-Babylonian population eventually speaking an Akkadian influenced dialect of Aramaic.
By around 800 BC, Aramaic had become the lingua franca of the Neo Assyrian Empire.
Some scholars speculate that because the lingua franca under Roman occupation was Greek, which was replacing Aramaic, Jesus might have known at least some Koine Greek ..
Aramaic remained the lingua franca of the Middle East until the time of Islam.
Though the Semites lost geopolitical influence, the Aramaic language emerged as the lingua franca of much of the Near East.
Aramaic was the lingua franca in Mesopotamia from the early 1st millennium BCE until the late 1st millennium CE, and as may be expected ; Iraqi Arabic shows signs of an Aramaic substrate.

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