Arianism is the theological teaching attributed to Arius ( ca.

Arianism is defined as those teachings attributed to Arius which are in opposition to mainstream Trinitarian Christological doctrine, as determined by the first two Ecumenical Councils and currently maintained by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and most Reformation Protestant Churches.

Lucian of Antioch had contended for a christology very similar to what would later be known as Arianism and is thought to have influenced its development.

Because virtually all extant written material on Arianism was written by its opponents, the nature of Arian teachings is difficult to define precisely today.

This is generally considered the end of the dispute about the Trinity and the end of Arianism among the Roman, non-Germanic peoples.

Despite the frequency with which this name is used as a polemical label, there has been no historically continuous survival of Arianism into the modern era.

He is considered to be a renowned Christian theologian, a Church Father, the chief defender of Trinitarianism against Arianism, and a noted Egyptian leader of the fourth century.

He is remembered for his role in the conflict with Arius and Arianism.

The earlier date, 293, is sometimes assigned and apparently supported by the authority of a " Coptic Fragment " ( published by Dr. O. von Lemm among the Mémoires de l ' académie impériale des sciences de S. Péterbourg, 1888 ) and corroborated by the maturity revealed in his two earliest treatises Contra Gentes ( Against the Heathens ) and De Incarnatione ( On the Incarnation ), which were admittedly written about the year 318 before Arianism had begun to make itself felt, as those writings do not show an awareness of Arianism.

In the 4th century, an Alexandrian presbyter named Arius began a theological dispute about the nature of Christ that spread throughout the Christian world and is now known as Arianism.

# First Council of Nicaea ( 325 ) repudiated Arianism, declared that Christ is " homoousios with the Father " ( of the same substance as the Father ), and adopted the original Nicene Creed, fixed Easter date ; recognized primacy of the sees of Rome, Alexandria and Antioch and granted the See of Jerusalem a position of honor.

# First Council of Constantinople ( 381 ) repudiated Arianism and Macedonianism, declared that Christ is " born of the Father before all time ", revised the Nicene Creed in regard to the Holy Spirit.

The term may refer to any belief about the nature of Jesus Christ that affirms God as a singular entity and rejects the doctrine of the Trinity and is usually distinguished from Arianism, which was rejected by mainstream Christianity, a consensus of Christian bishops at the First Council of Nicaea in 325.

* Emperor Valens is converted to Arianism and orders the persecution of orthodox Christians in the Roman East.

* Pope Liberius travels to Sirmium ( Pannonia ) late in the year and agrees to sign documents that effectively undo the Nicene Creed ( which has implicitly disavowed Arianism ) and to sever his relationship with the former Alexandrian patriarch Athanasius, who is replaced as bishop of Alexandria by his Arian opponent George of Cappadocia.

Saint Nicholas of Myra was the bishop of Myra in the 4th century, is said to have been an ardent opponent of Arianism at the First Council of Nicaea in 325, although his name does not appear among the signatories of that council.

Attacks on heresy also appear throughout his hagiographies, and Arianism is taken to be the common face of heresy across Europe, exposed to great ridicule.

Emperor Justin is recorded as receiving John honorably and promised to do everything the embassy asked of him, with the exception of restoring converts from Arianism to Catholicism to their original beliefs.

Paul's pupil Lucian of Antioch is considered to have had a major influence on Arius the founder of Arianism.

It is related that this latter was deeply versed in Grecian erudition, and was the first to subdue his native tongue to meters and musical laws ; these verses he delivered to the choirs " and that Arianism — a more successful heresy — met with opposition there.

They insist that their conception of the Godhead is true to early Christianity's strict monotheism, contrasting their views not only with Trinitarianism, but equally with the Arianism espoused by the Latter-day Saints ( who believe that Christ was a separate " god " from the Father and the Spirit ) and Jehovah's Witnesses ( who see him as a lesser deity than his Father ).

His earliest known work is the Ancoratus ( the well anchored man ), which includes arguments against Arianism and the teachings of Origen.

Many scholars see the persistence of Germanic Arianism as a strategy that was followed in order to differentiate the Germanic elite from the local inhabitants and their culture and also to maintain the Germanic elite's separate group identity.

The move was mainly thrust at the various beliefs that had arisen out of Arianism, but smaller dissident sects, such as the Macedonians, were also prohibited.

They have also occasionally been accused of Arianism, usually by isolated individuals rather than church organizations.

He was also an adherent of Arianism while the majority of the ruling class of the Eastern Roman Empire had accepted the Nicene Creed.

Marcellus of Ancyra, who was a staunch opponent of Arianism but also denounced the belief in God existing in three hypostases as heretical ( and was later condemned for his views ), attacked his opponents ( On the Holy Church, 9 ) by linking them to Valentinus:

By this time the remaining ethnic distinction between the increasingly Romanized Visigoths and their Hispano-Roman subjects had all but disappeared ( the Gothic language lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language with the extirpation of Arianism, and dress & funerary customs also cease to be distinguishing features in ca.

Similarly, the Jehovah's Witnesses ( who affirm Arianism ) are also rejected by P ' ent ' ay Christians.

Thus, he recalled the Jesuit Cardinal Bellarmin's sentences concerning the authority of religious councils concerning matters of dogma versus de facto issues ; he also recalled the debate between St Athanasius and St Basil concerning the interpretation of Dionysus of Alexandria, who was accused by Basil of Arianism and therefore convoked before the Pope Dionysius in 262 ; or the various contradictory papal interpretations given to the Scythian monks ; as well as another debate concerning Pope Honorius I, who had been later anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople, although Cardinal Bellarmin defended Honorius ' orthodoxy, claiming that the condemned propositions were not to be found in Honorius.

The races in the Hippodrome used four teams: red, white, blue and green ; and the supporters of these became political factions, taking sides on the great theological issues — which were also political questions — of Arianism, Nestorianism and Monophysitism, and therefore on the Imperial claimants who also took sides.

Although often considered an Arian, Constantius ultimately preferred a third, compromise version that lay somewhere in between Arianism and the Nicene Creed, retrospectively called Semi-Arianism.

Magnus Maximus used the emperor ’ s heterodoxy against him, and even his eventual protector, Theodosius, cast aspersions on his Arianism.

Trinitarian Christians, including Athanasius, used Arius and Arianism as epithets to describe those who disagreed with their doctrine of co-equal Trinitarianism, a Christology representing God the Father and Son ( Jesus of Nazareth ) as " of one essence " ( consubstantial ) and coeternal.

Being consecrated a bishop, he used his office in the interests of Arianism by creating other bishops of that party.

Bernard of Clairvaux's biographer and other sources accuse some Cathars of Arianism, and some scholars see Cathar Christology as having traces of earlier Arian roots.

" Their critique of him was based principally on his not being strong enough in his criticism of Luther, not seeing the dangers of a vernacular Bible and dabbling in dangerous scriptural criticism that weakened the Church's arguments against Arianism and other doctrines.

Later, after his conversion, Williams was a painstaking upholder of traditional Reformation doctrine in its Calvinist form and gave stern warnings against Arminianism, Arianism, Socinianism, Sandelmanism and other deviations ( ref. p. 7 G. T. Hughes ).

Capito was always more concerned for the " unity of the spirit " than for dogmatic formularies, and from his endeavours to conciliate the Lutheran and Zwinglian parties in regard to the sacraments, he seems to have incurred the suspicions of his own friends ; while from his intimacy with Martin Cellarius and other divines of the Socinian school he drew on himself the charge of Arianism.

There were contrasting view about his theological position: on the one hand, he was exiled three times under Arian emperors ; on the other, he was strongly opposed by those faithful to the memory of the staunchly pro-Nicene Eustathius of Antioch, whom the synod of Melitene deposed for his Homousianism ( Nicene trinitarianism ), which they considered a heresy, and by Saint Athanasius of Alexandria, the firm opponent of Arianism.

After legalization of the Church in the 4th century, the debate between Arianism and Trinitarianism, with the emperors favouring now one side now the other, was a major controversy.

The major issue of this and other councils during the 4th century was the christological debate between Arianism and Trinitarianism.

Not only did Arianism flourish, but other doctrines, such as Gnosticism and Manichaeism, either native or imported, found many followers.

The famous letter of Ibas to Maris testifies that he struggled against extinguished Arianism and other heresies in Mopsuestia.

", 164 ), and in the East, owing to the controversies on Arianism, Nestorianism, Eutychianism, Macedonianism, and other heresies.

The Visigoths were highly romanized in the eastern Empire and already Christians, so their integration within the late Iberian-Roman culture was full ; they accepted the laws and structures of the late Roman World with little change, more than any other successor barbarian state in the West after the Ostrogoths, and all the more so after converting away from Arianism.