It was mistakenly thought in the Middle Ages to be a work of Aristotle, but was recognised by Aquinas not to be so.

Aristotle also recognised the various immediate entailments that each type of sentence has.

Early recognised Greek compilers of existing and current herbal knowledge include Pythagoreanism, Hippocrates, Aristotle, Theophrastus, Dioscorides and Galen.

In Ethics he recognised only a two-fold division of virtue, the theoretical and the practical, answering to the dianoietic and the ethical of Aristotle ; endeavoured to bring the ultimate object of life into nearer relation to natural impulses, and to show by similes the inseparability of the virtues ; pointed out that the recognition of the moral, as something to be striven after for its own sake, was a leading fundamental idea in the speeches of Demosthenes ; would not admit the harsh doctrine of apatheia, and, on the contrary, vindicated the claim of certain pleasurable sensations to be regarded as in accordance with nature, while he also insisted that moral definitions should be laid down in such a way that they might be applied by the man who had not yet attained to wisdom.

became the tri prima of the Swiss alchemist Paracelsus, who reasoned that Aristotle ’ s four element theory appeared in bodies as three principles.

According to Aristotle, the four elements rise or fall toward their natural place in concentric layers surrounding the center of the earth and form the terrestrial or sublunary spheres.

Aristotle attempted to explain ideas such as motion ( and gravity ) with the theory of four elements.

Aristotle believed that all matter was made up of aether, or some combination of four elements: earth, water, air, and fire.

According to Aristotle, these four terrestrial elements are capable of inter-transformation and move toward their natural place, so a stone falls downward toward the center of the cosmos, but flames rise upward toward the circumference.

His principal translation embraced the first five books of Averroes ' " intermediate " commentary on Aristotle's Logic, consisting of the Introduction of Porphyry and the four books of Aristotle on the Categories, Interpretation, Syllogism, and Demonstration.

For Aristotle there are four different ontological dimensions:

In the 13th century medieval Europe the English bishop Robert Grosseteste wrote on a wide range of scientific topics discussing light from four different perspectives: an epistemology of light, a metaphysics or cosmogony of light, an etiology or physics of light, and a theology of light, basing it on the works Aristotle and Platonism.

** The terrestrial region, according to Aristotle, consisted of concentric spheres of the four elements — earth, water, air, and fire.

Aristotle recognized four kinds of causes, and where applicable, the most important of them is the " final cause ".

Aristotle distinguished between four causes, or four explanations, that each answer the question " why?

Aristotle also discusses the four causes in his Physics, Book B, chapter 3.

His writings, said to have consisted of four hundred and fifty-three books, were in the style of Aristotle, and dealt with philosophy, ethics and music.

He returns with his father to Somersetshire, and spends the next four years in contemplation of the works of Aristotle and Plato, and of God.

* Several commentaries on Aristotle, including four on his Meteors.

The lost epic Little Iliad, in four books, took up the story of the Homeric Iliad, and, beginning with the contest between Telamonian Ajax and Odysseus for the arms of Achilles, carried it down to the feast of the Trojans over the captured Trojan Horse, according to the epitome in Proclus, or to the Fall of Troy, according to Aristotle.

Aristotle recognized at least four types of explanation.

According to the philosophical system of Aristotle and his followers, there are four causes or reasons that describe a thing ; these causes can be analyzed to get to a solution to the paradox.

Aquinas adopted the four cardinal virtues of Aristotle, justice, courage, temperance and prudence, and added to them the Christian virtues of faith, hope and charity ( from St. Paul, ).

) Aristotle summarised the logical relationship between four types of propositions with his square of oppositions.

Aristotle wrote about the idea of four causes in nature.

Aristotle recommended four causes as appropriate for the business of the natural philosopher, or physicist, “ and if he refers his problems back to all of them, he will assign the ‘ why ’ in the way proper to his science — the matter, the form, the mover, ‘ that for the sake of which ’”.

Temperance is a major Athenian virtue, as advocated by Plato ; self-restraint ( sôphrosune ) is one of his four core virtues of the ideal city, and echoed by Aristotle.

But Aristotle kept the principle of levels and even augmented it by describing in the Poetics what kinds of character and action must be imitated if the play is to be a vehicle of serious and important human truths.

In his Categories, Aristotle identifies ten possible kinds of thing that can be the subject or the predicate of a proposition.

To complicate matters further, Aristotle distinguishes between two kinds of intellect or two parts of the intellect .< ref > On the Soul 15-25 </ i ></ ref > These two intellectual powers are traditionally called the " passive intellect " and the " active intellect " or " agent intellect ".

In his Poetics, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle argues that kinds of poetry ( the term includes drama, flute music, and lyre music for Aristotle ) may be differentiated in three ways: according to their medium, according to their objects, and according to their mode or manner ( section I ); " For the medium being the same, and the objects the same, the poet may imitate by narration — in which case he can either take another personality as Homer does, or speak in his own person, unchanged — or he may present all his characters as living and moving before us " ( section III ).

In his Poetics, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle argues that kinds of " poetry " ( the term includes drama, flute music, and lyre music for Aristotle ) may be differentiated in three ways: according to their medium, according to their objects, and according to their mode or " manner " ( section I ); " For the medium being the same, and the objects the same, the poet may imitate by narration — in which case he can either take another personality as Homer does, or speak in his own person, unchanged — or he may present all his characters as living and moving before us " ( section III ).

Aristotle tells us that there are two different kinds of human excellences, excellences of thought and excellences of character.

The word murex was used by Aristotle in reference to these kinds of snails, thus making it one of the oldest classical seashell names still in use by the scientific community.

Depending on the position of the middle term, Aristotle divides the syllogism into three kinds: Syllogism in the first, second and third figure.

The nine kinds of accidents according to Aristotle are quantity, quality, relation, habitus, time, location, situation ( or position ), action, and passion (" being acted on ").

* A constitution which mixes oligarchy and democracy ( terms which, as used by Aristotle, refer to vicious kinds of constitutions ).

The second book Aristotle starts with a remarkable statement, the kinds of things determine the kinds of questions, which are four:

It is evident that in such discussions the same questions were examined which had formerly been more thoroughly sifted by Plato and Aristotle, in analyzing the nature of science and treating of the different kinds of truth, according as they were objects of pure intellectual apprehension, or only of probable and uncertain knowledge.

Both Aristotle and Philoponus argue that in kinds of change there are differences, in their form and matter.

Both Plato and Aristotle used the term logos along with rhema to refer to sentences and propositions.

In philosophy, it was used by both Plato and Aristotle to refer to propositions or sentences.

In his formulation of syllogistic propositions, instead of the copula (" All / some ... are / are not ..."), Aristotle uses the expression, "... belongs to / does not belong to all / some ..." or "... is said / is not said of all / some ..." There are four different types of categorical sentences: universal affirmative ( A ), particular affirmative ( I ), universal negative ( E ) and particular negative ( O ).