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Aristotle and states
Hierocles, writing in the 5th century, states that Ammonius ' fundamental doctrine was that Plato and Aristotle were in full agreement with each other:
Journalist Bee Wilson states that the image of a community of honey bees " occurs from ancient to modern times, in Aristotle and Plato ; in Virgil and Seneca ; in Erasmus and Shakespeare ; Tolstoy, as well as by social theorists Bernard Mandeville and Karl Marx.
" Whereas Aristotle states that one or other of two contradictory propositions must be false, the Kantian law states that a particular kind of proposition is in itself necessarily false.
The only contemporary account in our possession is that of Aristotle who states rather tersely that Philip was killed because Pausanias had been offended by the followers of Attalus, the king's father-in-law.
Aristotle also states that according to tradition, Italus converted the Oenotrians from a pastoral life to one of agriculture and gave them various ordinances, being the first to institute their system of common meals.
Aristotle ( Politics 1. 2 – 7 ; 3. 14 ) even states that barbarians are slaves by nature.
If so, Cavendish states, then many others, including Aristotle, Cicero, Homer and St. Augustine, have also been very ill of the same disease.
On the contrary it is evident in every line of the work that Aristotle is presupposing " normal " auditors, normal states of mind and feeling, normal emotional and aesthetic experience.
As interpreted by R-theory, such " modeling relations " describe reality in terms of information relations ( encoding and decoding ) between measurable existence ( expressed as material states and established by efficient behavior ) and implicate organization or identity ( expressed as formal potential and established by final exemplar ), thus capturing all four of Aristotle's causalities within nature ( Aristotle defined final cause as immanent from outside of nature ).
Polity ( Greek: Πολιτεία or Πολίτευμα transliterated as Politeía or Políteuma ) is a form of government Aristotle developed in his search for a government that could be most easily incorporated and used by the largest amount of people groups, or states.
Aristotle, however, in the Constitution of Athens states an alternative view that Medon was also King of Athens rather than first Archon.
In the Constitution of the Athenians ( Athenaion Politeia ), Aristotle uses politeia for eleven states of the Athenian government up to his own time, from the absolute monarchy of Ionia and the tyranny of the Thirty to the democratic Assembly and selection by lot of Pericles's time and his own.
In logic, the law of non-contradiction ... states, in the words of Aristotle, that
In Aristotle's Poetics, Aristotle states: Homer, for example, makes men better than they are ; Cleophon as they are ; Hegemon the Thasian, the inventor of parodies, and Nicochares, the author of the Diliad, worse than they are.
Aristotle considers constitutional government ( a combination of oligarchy and democracy under law ) the ideal form of government, but he observes that none of the three are healthy and that states will cycle between the three forms in an abrupt and chaotic process known as the kyklos.
From Porphyry, who also states that Aspasius wrote commentaries on Plato, we learn that his commentaries on Aristotle were used in the school of Plotinus.
He also cited Ramus in Dr. Faustus: Bene disserere est finis logices is a line given to Faustus, who states it is from Aristotle, when it is from the Dialecticae of Ramus.
Ancient accounts of Aristotle credit him with 170 Constitutions of various states ; it is widely assumed that these were research for the Politics, and that many of them were written or drafted by his students.
Aristotle states these as the reasons for people doing wrong.
However, Aristotle states that along with pathos, the speaker must also exhibit ethos, which for Aristotle encompasses wisdom ( phronesis ), virtue ( arete ), and good will ( eunoia ) ( Book 2. 1. 5-9 ).
Much earlier, Aristotle states the same principle in the Nichomachean Ethics ( Book 2 ):
Although the ancients had been less theoretical about the comedic form, the humanists used the precepts of Aelius Donatus ( 4th century A. D .), Horace, Aristotle and the works of Terence to elaborate a set of rules: comedy should seek to correct vice by showing the truth ; there should be a happy ending ; comedy uses a lower style of language than tragedy ; comedy does not paint the great events of states and leaders, but the private lives of people, and its principal subject is love.

Aristotle and one
The Chicago contingent of modern critics follow Aristotle so far in this direction that it is hard to see how they can compare one poem with another for the purpose of evaluation.
For one thing, Aristotle mentions that plays may corrupt the audience.
Together with Plato and Socrates ( Plato's teacher ), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.
Russell notes that these errors make it difficult to do historical justice to Aristotle, until one remembers how large of an advance he made upon all of his predecessors.
Aristotle was one of the most revered Western thinkers in early Islamic theology.
Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".
He apprehended well the views of each of the two philosophers and Aristotle and brought them under one and the same nous and transmitted philosophy without conflicts to all of his disciples, and especially to the best of those acquainted with him, Plotinus, Origen, and their successors.
Aristotle ( ca 350 BC ) was one of the first in recorded history to make a formal distinction between ordinary law and constitutional law, establishing ideas of constitution and constitutionalism, and attempting to classify different forms of constitutional government.
Thomas Aquinas ( c. 1225 – 1274 ), a theologian in Medieval Europe, adapted the argument he found in his reading of Aristotle and Avicenna to form one of the most influential versions of the cosmological argument.
To be truly human, one had to be an active citizen to the community, which Aristotle famously expressed: “ To take no part in the running of the community's affairs is to be either a beast or a god !” This form of citizenship was based on obligations of citizens towards the community, rather than rights given to the citizens of the community.
Aristotle was considered to give a more important position to sense perception than Plato, and commentators in the middle ages summarized one of his positions as " nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu " ( Latin for " nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses ").
Early medieval writers often had fuzzy and imprecise impressions of both Ptolemy and Aristotle and relied more on Pliny, but they felt ( with one exception ), little urge to assume flatness.
Prior to this work, the concept of a set was a rather elementary one that had been used implicitly since the beginnings of mathematics, dating back to the ideas of Aristotle.
This is one of the fallacies identified by Aristotle in his Organon.
Whereas the " higher " law Aristotle suggested one could appeal to was emphatically natural, in contradistinction to being the result of divine positive legislation, the Stoic natural law was indifferent to the divine or natural source of the law: the Stoics asserted the existence of a rational and purposeful order to the universe ( a divine or eternal law ), and the means by which a rational being lived in accordance with this order was the natural law, which spelled out action that accorded with virtue.
" To support these findings, the assembled judges ( as reported by Coke, who was one of them ) cited as authorities Aristotle, Cicero, and the Apostle Paul ; as well as Bracton, Fortescue, and St. Germain.
Kant claimed it was Hume ’ s skepticism about the nature of inductive reasoning and the conclusions of rationalist metaphysicians ( Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz ) that " roused him from his dogmatic ( i. e. rationalist ) slumbers " and spurred him on to one of the most far reaching re-evaluations of human reason since Aristotle.
He is sometimes credited, mainly starting in the 19th century, as one of the earliest European advocates of the modern scientific method inspired by the works of Aristotle and later pseudo-Aristotelian works, like the works of Muslim scientist Alhazen.
" No one in the history of civilization has shaped our understanding of science and natural philosophy more than the great Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ), who exerted a profound and pervasive influence for more than two thousand years " — Gary B. Ferngren
Aristotle argued for the existence of one or more unmoved movers to serve as nature's role models and constant inspiration ( see Prime Mover and Daimon ).
So Aristotle suggested only one unity — that of action — but the prevalent interpretation of his Poetics during the Middle Ages already inclined toward interpreting his comment on time as another " unity ".
Aristotle ( peri ouravou, i. 9, 15 ) says: " The period which includes the whole time of one's life is called the aeon of each one.
Aristotle was one of the first to publicly hypothesize about the nature of light, proposing that light is a disturbance in the element air ( that is, it is a wave-like phenomenon ).
To explain such patterns, one might conclude, per Aristotle, that emergent structures are more than the sum of their parts on the assumption that the emergent order will not arise if the various parts simply interact independently of one another.

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