Artaxerxes IV Arses is little more than a puppet-king while Bagoas acts as the power behind the throne.

Bessus assumes the kingship as Artaxerxes IV.

* In Bactria, Bessus raises a national revolt in the eastern satrapies using the title of King Artaxerxes IV of Persia.

With the death of Bessus ( Artaxerxes IV ), Persian resistance to Alexander the Great ceases.

The eunuch Bagoas ( not to be confused with Alexander's Bagoas ) was the Vizier of Artaxerxes III and IV, and was the primary power behind the throne during their reigns, until he was killed by Darius III.

Bagoas sought to remain in office by replacing Artaxerxes with his son Arses ( Artaxerxes IV ), whom he thought easier to control.

Artaxerxes ( Artaxšacā ) IV Arses () was king of Persia between 338 BC and 336 BC.

Bagoas sought to remain in office by replacing Artaxerxes with his son Arses ( Artaxerxes IV ), whom he thought easier to control.

He is known as Arses in Greek sources and that seems to be his real name but the Xanthus trilingue and potsherds from Samaria report that he had taken the royal name of Artaxerxes IV, following his father and grandfather.

* A genealogy of Arses as Artaxerxes IV

cy: Artaxerxes IV, brenin Persia

gl: Artaxerxes IV

* Artaxerxes IV of Persia ( died 336 BC ), Artaxerxes IV Arses, r. 338 – 336 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes III

Artaxerxes III of Persia and all of his sons except one, Arses, were assassinated by the orders of the vizier, Bagoas, who installed Arses on the throne as a puppet king.

Bagoas seeks to remain in office by replacing Artaxerxes with his youngest son Arses, whom he thinks will be easier to control.

So Bagoas murders Artaxerxes III and all his sons, other than Arses, who is then placed on the throne by Bagoas.

* At a Pan-Hellenic Conference in Corinth, Philip II of Macedon announces the formation of the League of Corinth to liberate the Greek cities of Asia Minor from Persian rule, ostensibly because the Persian King, Arses, refuses to make reparations to Philip for Artaxerxes III's aid to the city of Perinthus when it was resisting Philip.

400-330 BC, Persian rule under Artaxerxes I, Darius II, Artaxerxes II, Artaxerxes III, Arses and Darius III.

In 394 BC, while encamped on the plain of Thebe, he was planning a campaign in the interior, or even an attack on Artaxerxes II himself, when he was recalled to Greece owing to the war between Sparta and the combined forces of Athens, Thebes, Corinth, Argos and several minor states.

Determining the composition of the Memorial depends on the dates of Nehemiah's mission: It is commonly accepted that " Artaxerxes " was Artaxerxes I ( there were two later kings of the same name ), and that Nehemiah's first period in Jerusalem was therefore 445-433 BC ; allowing for his return to Susa and second journey to Jerusalem, the end of the 5th century BC is therefore the earliest possible date for the Memorial.

Those arguing in favour of an historical reading of Esther, most commonly identify Ahasuerus with Artaxerxes II ( ruled 405 – 359 BCE ) although in the past it was often assumed that he was Xerxes I ( ruled 486 – 465 BCE ).

Instead, the Hebrew name Ahasuerus accords with an inscription of the time that notes that Artaxerxes II was named also Arshu, understood as a shortening of Achshiyarshu the Babylonian rendering of the Persian Khshayarsha ( Xerxes ), through which the Hebrew Achashverosh ( Ahasuerus ) is derived.

Ctesias related that Artaxerxes II was also called Arsicas which is understood as a similar shortening with the Persian suffix-ke that is applied to shortened names.

Deinon related that Artaxerxes II was also called Oarses which is also understood to be derived from Khshayarsha.

Another view attempts to identify him instead with Artaxerxes I ( ruled 465 – 424 BCE ), whose Babylonian concubine, Kosmartydene, was the mother of his son Darius II ( ruled 424 – 405 BCE ).

Jewish tradition relates that Esther was the mother of a King Darius and so some try to identify Ahasuerus with Artaxerxes I and Esther with Kosmartydene.

Ezra, a descendant of Seraiah the high priest, was living in Babylon when in the seventh year (~ 457 BCE ) of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, the king sent him to Jerusalem to teach the laws of God to any who did not know them.

Larissa was indeed the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 ( retold in Xenophon's Anabasis ) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia ( Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of " the way to Larissa " to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science ( Meno, 97a – c ) ; this " way to Larissa " might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a " way home ", understood as the way toward one's true and " eternal " home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life ).

His opera Artaxerxes ( 1762 ) was the first attempt to set a full-blown opera seria in English and was a huge success, holding the stage until the 1830s.

Plutarch said the inhabitants of Caria carried the emblem of the rooster on the end of their lances and relates that origin to Artaxerxes, who awarded a Carian who was said to have killed Cyrus the Younger at the battle of Cunaxa in 401 B. C " the privilege of carrying ever after a golden cock upon his spear before the first ranks of the army in all expeditions " and the Carians also wore crested helmets at the time of Herodotus, for which reason " the Persians gave the Carians the name of cocks ".

At the end of the Persian era in 351 BCE, it was invaded by the emperor Artaxerxes III and then by Alexander the Great in 333 BCE when the Hellenistic era of Sidon began.

Diodorus and Plutarch next recount a similar tale, namely that Themistocles stayed briefly with an acquaintance ( Lysitheides or Nicogenes ) who was also acquainted with the Persian king, Artaxerxes I.

Plutarch reports that, as might be imagined, Artaxerxes was elated that such a dangerous and illustrious foe had come to serve him.

Prior to waging war against Artaxerxes, Cyrus proposed that the enemy was the Pisidians, and so the Greeks were unaware that they were to battle against the larger army of King Artaxerxes II.

Xerxes II (, IPA :/ ˈzəːksiːz /-Xšayāršā ) was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I.

He was reportedly the only legitimate son of Artaxerxes I and his Queen Damaspia.

He was the youngest son of King Artaxerxes III and Atossa and was not expected to succeed to the throne of Persia.

) Amestris has often been identified with Vashti, but this identification is problematic, as Amestris remained a powerful figure well into the reign of her son, Artaxerxes I, whereas Vashti is portrayed as dismissed in the early part of Xerxes's reign.

He preferred 1 Esdras over the canonical Ezra – Nehemiah and placed Ezra as a contemporary of Xerxes son of Darius, rather than of Artaxerxes.

He is succeeded by his son Artaxerxes II ( Memnon —' the Mindful ').

* Darius II's younger son, Cyrus, is accused by Tissaphernes, the satrap of Caria, of plotting his brother Artaxerxes II's murder.

According to Ctesias ( in Persica 20 ), Artabanus then accused the Crown Prince Darius, Xerxes's eldest son, of the murder and persuaded another of Xerxes's sons, Artaxerxes, to avenge the patricide by killing Darius.

The first was Sogdianus, Artaxerxes I's son by his concubine Alogyne of Babylon.

The second was Darius II, Artaxerxes I's son by his concubine Cosmartidene of Babylon, who was married to their common half-sister Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I and his concubine Andia of Babylon.

Artaxerxes I, who died on December 25, 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II.

Artashata was the son of Arsames, son of Ostanes, one of Artaxerxes's brothers, and Sisygambis, daughter of Artaxerxes II Memnon.

However, he is betrayed by Megabyzus and is killed by Xerxes ' son, Artaxerxes.

He is reportedly murdered, while drunk, by Pharnacyas and Menostanes on the orders of Secydianus ( or Sogdianus ), the son of one of Artaxerxes I's concubines, Alogyne of Babylon.

* Artaxerxes I, Achaemenid king of Persia, is succeeded by his son Xerxes II.

* Ochus, satrap of Hyrcania and son of Artaxerxes I and a Babylonian concubine, seizes the Persian throne from his half brother Secydianus ( or Sogdianus ), whom he has executed.

This 70x70 square meter hall was started by Xerxes and completed by his son Artaxerxes I by the end of the fifth century BC.