It recognized the " special position " of the Malays provided in the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, in particular Article 153.

As a result, Article 153 of the Constitution states that,

The Reid Commission, which drafted the Constitution, initially proposed that Article 153 expire after 15 years unless renewed by Parliament.

In the 1970s, the government implemented the New Economic Policy ( NEP ), designed to be a more aggressive form of affirmative action for the Bumiputra than Article 153.

Article 153 provides specifically for the use of quotas in the granting of scholarships, positions in the civil service, and business licences, as well as native reservations of land.

* Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia

The right to property was guaranteed by Article 153.

† Protections provided by Articles 114, 115, 117, 118, 123, 124, and 153 could be suspended or restricted by the President through invocation of his authority granted under Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution.

The Malaysian Chinese and Indian-Malaysians-who are significant ethnic minorities in Malaysia-were granted citizenship by the Malaysian Constitution but this implied a social contract that left them at a disadvantage in other ways, as Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia refers to the special " position " of the Malay people,

In 2005, UMNO Youth Chief Hishammuddin Hussein brandished the keris at the UMNO Annual General Meeting ( AGM ) while decrying critics of Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia and the social contract.

Both Article 153 and the social contract preserve special privileges for the Malays.

In line with their commitment to equality, the DAP originally campaigned against Bumiputra privileges, such as those afforded to them by Article 153 of the Constitution.

Most of these concerned Bumiputra privileges, such as Article 153.

When the Federation of Malaya ( West Malaysia ) declared independence in 1957, its Constitution contained a provision called Article 153 that provided special position for the Malays.

" When Malaya merged with Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak in 1963 to form the Federation of Malaysia, the new Constitution retained Article 153, and the definition of Bumiputra was expanded to include all the indigenous population of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia.

The Reid Commission stated that the intent of Article 153 was to address economic inequality among ethnic Chinese and Malays.

That same year, Tun Razak also announced the NEP, as well as some controversial amendments to the Sedition Act that prohibited discussion of repealing certain articles of the Constitution, including Article 153, even in the Houses of Parliament.

The exceptions expressly allowed under the Constitution includes the affirmative actions taken to protect the special position for the Malays of Peninsular Malaysia and the indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak ( collectively, Bumiputras ) under Article 153.

Article 10 ( 4 ) states that Parliament may pass law prohibiting the questioning of any matter, right, status, position, privilege, sovereignty or prerogative established or protected by the provisions of Part III, Article 152, 153 or 181 of the Constitution.

" The Malaysian definition has of course been modified to suit local circumstance and in particular, it includes acts or things done " to question any matter, right, status, position, privilege, sovereignty or prerogative established or protected by the provisions of Part III of the Federal Constitution or Article 152, 153 or 181 of the Federal Constitution.

Note however that notwithstanding this Article, the Government is required, under Article 153, to implement affirmative action programs such as the reservation of places in tertiary educational institutions for the benefit of Malays and natives of Sabah and Sarawak.

Nonetheless, the Court stopped short of compelling Madison ( by writ of mandamus ) to hand over Marbury's commission, instead holding that the provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that enabled Marbury to bring his claim to the Supreme Court was itself unconstitutional, since it purported to extend the Court's original jurisdiction beyond that which Article III established.

The article further reasoned that because Article V of the Constitution gives the Congress the power to propose amendments to the Constitution — including changing aspects of the ratification process itself — that if three additional states ratify the ERA, the Congress has the power to deem the ERA properly ratified and duly added to the Constitution.

Although Article VIII itself states that the three Catholic creeds are a sufficient statement of faith, the Articles have often been perceived as the nearest thing to a supplementary confession of faith possessed by the tradition.

Article 23 was fulfilled by reunification itself, and then withdrawn to indicate that there were no other parts of Germany that existed outside of the unified territory.

The founders of an association calling itself the " Article 9 group " stressed the need to remove nuclear power from the nation's energy policy in light of Article 9 of the Constitution and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

It is therefore outside of the uniform terminology and systematics of the renewed constitution: some elements of Article 23 are absolute rights, others can be limited by law, for some this limitation can be delegated to lower administrative bodies — but it is impossible to understand from the article itself what is the situation for each element ; this can only be learned from case law and doctrine.

Article 114 entails a civil right: the prohibition of the death penalty, included by the constitutional revision of 1983 after the death penalty itself had already been abolished in 1870.

However, the territorial division itself was the same ; the text of Article 8 of the Law determined: The national territory is divided into departments, on the basis of population, location and other leading circumstances: its number, extension and subdivisions, would be detailed by constitutional law.

It does not consider itself obliged to ban war propaganda as required by Article 20, and interprets that article in light of the freedom of expression in the UDHR.

Similarly, Congress has the power itself under the Commerce Clause to regulate and sanction states acting as " market participants ," but it lacks power to legislate in ways that violate Article IV.

( c ) A proceeding under Article 32 is described as a constitutional remedy and the right to bring such proceedings before the Supreme Court is itself a fundamental right.

The Constitution itself was not ratified by referendum, but pursuant to Article VII was instead ratified by state conventions elected by the people.

Unlike the 1977 Soviet Constitution, the text of the Constitution itself doesn't explicitly mention the Communist Party of China and there is an explicit statement in Article 5 that states that the Constitution and law are supreme over all organizations and individuals.

In 1962, the Council of State ruled itself incompetent to judge measures of a legislative nature issued by the President under Article 16.

Any of the subject-matter listed in Article 52 ( 2 ) EPC may comprise an invention if it has technical character or contributes to it ( in particular because a technical problem is solved by using technical means or a technical effect is achieved, technical interactions occur or technical adaptations are effected, in other words: if such subject-matter lends itself to a technical application ).

It should be noted though that Article 288 itself can be amended.

With politically sensitive issues such as the July 1, 2003 demonstrations in Hong Kong against Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23, the amount of coverage and analysis within the forum is often more extensive than with the paper itself.

The Enabling Act itself was breached by Hitler on three occasions in 1934: Article 2 of the act stated that

Although their lordships were divided 3-2 as to the result of the appeal and adopted slightly different formulations of the applicable principles, there was broad agreement that, in confidentiality cases involving issues of privacy, the focus shifted from the nature of the relationship between claimant and defendant to ( a ) an examination of the nature of the information itself and ( b ) a balancing exercise between the claimant ’ s rights under Article 8 and the defendant ’ s competing rights ( for example, under Article 10, to free speech ).

The Constitution defines in Article 89 the rules for amending itself.

* Article on the history of the Russian monastery itself