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Page "Emperor of Japan" ¶ 66
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Article and 2
What is required is the full implementation of Article 2 of the Treaty, which provides: `` The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being.
Article 2, uses of rupees
In the event the total of rupees accruing to the Government of the United States of America as a consequence of sales made pursuant to this Agreement is different from the rupee equivalent of $1,276 million, the amounts available for the purposes specified in paragraph 1, Article 2, will be adjusted proportionately.
I have the honor to refer to the Agricultural Commodities Agreement signed today between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of India ( hereinafter referred to as the Agreement ) and, with regard to the rupees accruing to uses indicated under Article 2, of the Agreement, to state that the understanding of the Government of the United States of America is as follows: 1.
With respect to Article 2,, Paragraph 1 ( A ) of the Agreement: ( 1 )
With respect to Article 2,, paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ): Uses of Section 104 ( E ) and Section 104 ( G ) rupees: The Government of India will use the amount of rupees granted or loaned to it by the United States pursuant to paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) for projects to promote economic development with emphasis upon the agricultural sector including food reserve storage structures and facilities as may from time to time be agreed upon by the authorized representatives of the United States and the authorized representatives of the Government of India, in the following sectors: A.
The Government of India further agrees in cooperation with the Government of the United States, to coordinate the use of grant and loan funds provided for in paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, with such direct dollar assistance as may be made available by the Government of the United States of America, so that both sources of financing may be channeled to specific and clearly identifiable economic development programs and projects.
With regard to the rupees accruing to uses indicated under Article 2, of the Agreement, the understanding of the Government of the United States of America, with respect to both paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, is as follows: ( 1 )
Local currency will be advanced or reimbursed to the Government of India for financing agreed projects under paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, of the Agreement upon the presentation of such documentation as the United States may specify.
The Government of India shall maintain or cause to be maintained books and records adequate to identify the goods and services financed for agreed projects pursuant to paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, of the Agreement, to disclose the use thereof in the projects and to record the progress of the projects ( including the cost thereof ).
* Article 2 – Freedom of scientific investigations and cooperation shall continue ;
* Afghanistan and the Search for Unity Article on Durrani methods of government, published in Asian Affairs, Volume 38, Issue 2, 2007, pp. 145 – 157.
The definition of the term disposal is made in Article 2 al 4 and just refers to annex IV, which gives a list of operations which are understood as disposal or recovery.
In the United States, the power of the federal judiciary to review and invalidate unconstitutional acts of the federal executive branch is stated in the constitution, Article III sections 1 and 2: " The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
In the European Union member states, Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment.
For example, the Case or Controversy Clause of Article Three of the United States Constitution ( Section 2, Clause 1 ) states that " the judicial Power shall extend ... to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party ".
Article 2 Item 4 of Law Number 26, October 15, 1997, of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia grants " al dialetto sassarese e a quello gallurese " equal legal status with the other languages on Sardinia.
A partial protection against double jeopardy is a Fundamental Right guaranteed under Article 20 ( 2 ) of the Constitution of India.
To Hammarskjöld, the secession of Katanga was an internal Congolese matter and the UN was forbidden to intervene by Article 2 of the United Nations Charter.
A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education.
Many of the Articles in Section I are structured in two paragraphs: the first sets out a basic right or freedom ( such as Article 2 ( 1 ) – the right to life ) but the second contains various exclusions, exceptions or limitations on the basic right ( such as Article 2 ( 2 ) – which excepts certain uses of force leading to death ).

Article and Constitution
This is provided for in Article II of the Constitution, which states that the President " shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court.
Article III of the Constitution specifies that Associate Justices, and all other United States federal judges " shall hold their Offices during good Behavior.
The Constitution of Brazil knows also two elements of direct democracy, stated in Article 14.
Article 17 of the Constitution of France gives the President the authority to pardon criminals and, since 1991, the President has pardoned many petty offenders ( mainly traffic offences ) on 14 July.
( The latter prohibition took effect 1 January 1808, the earliest date on which Congress had the power to do so under Article I, Section 9 of the United States Constitution.
To consider but one example, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution states " Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof "— but interpretation ( that is, determining the fine boundaries, and resolving the tension between the " establishment " and " free exercise " clauses ) of each of the important terms was delegated by Article III of the Constitution to the judicial branch, so that the current legal boundaries of the Constitutional text can only be determined by consulting the common law.
Later cases interpreted the " judicial power " of Article III to establish the power of federal courts to consider or overturn any action of Congress or of any state that conflicts with the Constitution.
In 1949, the abolition of the military was introduced in Article 12 of the Costa Rican Constitution.
In May 2010, the Washington State Supreme Court provided an opinion after it was asked to certify a question referred by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington: “ Whether a public library, consistent with Article I, § 5 of the Washington Constitution, may filter Internet access for all patrons without disabling Web sites containing constitutionally-protected speech upon the request of an adult library patron .” The Washington State Supreme Court ruled that NCRL ’ s internet filtering policy did not violate Article I, Section 5 of the Washington State Constitution.
The Constitution of Japan states in Article 39 that
Article 13 of the Constitution of Pakistan protects a person from being punished or prosecuted more than once for the same offence.
Article 2 of the 1889 Meiji Constitution ( the Constitution of the Empire of Japan ) stated, " The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
Under clause 17 Article I Section 8 of the Constitution however, Congress has power to " exercise exclusive Legislation in all cases whatsoever " over the federal district ( Washington, D. C .) and other territory ceded to the federal government by the states, such as for military installations.
" The Volkskammer decides on the accession of the GDR to the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany according to Article 23 of the Basic Laws effective as of October 3, 1990.
In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong has Special Administrative Region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of " one country, two systems ".
:: Example 2 ( parliamentary non-executive monarchy ): Article 1 of the Constitution of Japan states:
:: Example 3 ( parliamentary republic ): Title II, Article 87 of the Constitution of Italy states:

Article and Japan
* July 26 – The Potsdam Declaration demands Japan's unconditional surrender ; Article 12 permitting Japan to retain the reign of the Emperor has been deleted by President Truman.
* International law: Article 98 provides that " the treaties concluded by Japan and established laws of nations shall be faithfully observed ".
Under Article 98, however, in theory at least, international law and the treaties Japan has ratified automatically form a part of domestic law.
Such critics have also argued that, contrary to Article 98, and its requirement that international law be treated as part of the domestic law of the state, human rights treaties to which Japan is a party are seldom enforced in Japanese courts.
Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution is a clause in the National Constitution of Japan that prohibits an act of war by the state.
Like the German Article 24, which was incorporated in the post-war German Constitution, and which provides for delegating or limiting sovereign powers in favor of collective security, Article 9 was added to the Constitution of Japan during the occupation following World War II.
Sailors of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force | Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force, one of the de facto military forces ostensibly permitted under Article 9.
Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution not only forbids the use of force as a means to settling international disputes but also forbids Japan from maintaining an army, navy or air force.
The Japan Socialist Party, on the other hand, had considered the Japan Self-Defense Forces ( JSDF ) as unconstitutional and advocated the full implementation of Article 9 through the demilitarization of Japan.
The interpretation of Article 9, has been determined that Japan cannot hold Offensive military weapons -- this has been interpreted to mean that Japan cannot have ICBMs, nuclear weapons, aircraft carriers or bomber fleets.
Since the late-1990s, Article 9 has been the central feature of a dispute over the ability of Japan to undertake multilateral military commitments overseas.
( Please note that Japan has a guideline of a limit of 1 % of GDP on defense spending, however, Japan defines a number of activities as non-defense spending ) Given these circumstances, some have viewed Article 9 as increasingly irrelevant.
The current pacifists believe in maintaining Article 9 and claim the SDF is unconstitutional, and would like to detach Japan from international wars.
Japan has actively built U. S .- Japan relations precisely because of Article 9 and Japan ’ s inability to engage in an offensive war.

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