: The second commander of the Hittite archers, he is first introduced in book thirteen of the series, having gone to war with Egypt along with Mursili II, as Shubas ' superior officer is serving the second army in Arzawa with Yuri.

: The second commander of the Hittite infantry, he is first introduced in book thirteen of the series, having gone to war with Egypt along with Mursili II, as Zora's superior officer is serving the second army in Arzawa with Yuri.

* Kingdom of Mira, part of the Kingdom of Arzawa in western Anatolia ( 2nd half of 2nd millennium BC )

From the 18th century BC the region was a part of the Hittite Empire with possible name Arzawa, which was destroyed by invaders during the 12th century BC together with the collapse of the Empire.

Later in 1323 BC, King Arnuwandas II was able to write to Karkiya for them to provide asylum for the deposed Manapa-Tarhunta of " the land of the Seha River ", one of the principalities within the Luwian Arzawa complex in western Anatolia.

The Hittite kings Suppiluliuma I and Mursili II, however, finally managed to defeat Arzawa around 1300 BC, and split it into vassal kingdoms.

After the collapse of the Hittite Empire from the 12th century, while Neo-Hittite states partially pursued Hittite history in southern Anatolia and Syria, the chain seems to have broken as far as Arzawa lands in western Anatolia were concerned and these could have pursued their own cultural path until unification came with the emergence of Lydia as a state under the Mermnad dynasty in the 7th century BC.

1320 BC Piyashshili came to Mursili's aid in the campaign against Arzawa.

This is suggested by, among other things, an admittedly corrupt late copy of the Hittite laws in which the geographical term Luwiya is replaced with Arzawa, a western Anatolian kingdom corresponding roughly with Mira and the Seha River Land ( although one scholar has argued that a chain of scribal error and revision led to this substitution, and that Luwiya was not coterminous with Arzawa but was further east in the area of the Konya plain ).

At its peak during the reign of Mursili II, the Hittite empire stretched from Arzawa in the west to Mitanni in the east, many of the Kaskian territories to the north including Hayasa-Azzi in the far north-east, and on south into Canaan approximately as far as the southern border of Lebanon, incorporating all of these territories within its domain.

A 13th-century date for the historical Mopsus may be confirmed by a Hittite tablet from Boğazkale which mentions a person called Mukšuš in connection with Madduwattaš of Arzawa and Attaršiyaš of Ahhiyā.

However, one scholar has recently argued that Luwiya and Arzawa were two separate entities, because Luwiya is mentioned in the Hittite Laws as a part of the Hittite Old Kingdom, whereas Arzawa was independent from the Hittites during this period.

In Antioch itself, no finds have emerged from the Proto-Hittite, Hittite, Phrygian or Lydian civilisations, but we learn from Hittite records that the region was named " Arzawa " and that independent communities lived in the region.

In the third year, he campaigned against Arzawa in western Anatolia, then returned to Syria to spend the next three years retaking his former conquests from the Hurrians, who had occupied them in his absence.

At the beginning of his reign, the Hittite Empire had contracted to its core territories, having long since lost all of its conquests, made in the former era under Hattusili I and Mursili I -- to Arzawa in the West, Mitanni in the East, the Kaskas in the North, and Kizzuwatna in the South.

This terminology was replaced by the names Arzawa and Kizzuwatna with the rise of those kingdoms.

In the post-Hittite era, the region of Arzawa came to be known as Lydia ( Assyrian Luddu, Greek Λυδία ), where the Lydian language was in use.

Troy was a vassal state of the Hittites, along with other Arzawa lands.

The inscription of the Karabel rock-carved prince-warrior monument in Mount Nif was read as attributing it to " Tarkasnawa, Kingdom of Mira | King of Mira ", a part of the Kingdom of Arzawa.

When the Hittites conquered Arzawa it was divided into three Hittite provinces: a southern province called Mira along the Maeander River, which would later become known as Caria ; a northern province called the Seha River Land, along the Gediz River, which would later become known as Lydia ; and an eastern province called Hapalla.

Arzawa was the western neighbor and rival of the Middle and New Hittite Kingdoms.

It was also possibly associated with the much more obscure Assuwa league, which may have included all or part of Arzawa.

According to Hittite sources, the capital of the Kingdom of Arzawa was Apasa ( or Abasa ), corresponding with later Greek Ephesus.

The current consensus among scholars is that the linguistic identity of Arzawa was predominantly Luwian, based, inter alia, on the replacement of the designation Luwiya with Arzawa in a corrupt passage of a New Hittite copy of the Laws, which appears to reflect a change in the name of the region.

He also argued that there was no significant Luwian population in Arzawa, but instead that it was predominantly inhabited by speakers of Proto-Lydian and Proto-Carian.

The Hittites were then weakened, and Arzawa was an ally of Egypt.

He was greeted with contempt by Hatti's enemies and faced numerous rebellions early in his reign, the most serious of which were those initiated by the Kaskas in the mountains of Anatolia, but also by the Arzawa kingdom in southwest Turkey because he was perceived to be an inexperienced ruler who only became king due to the early death of Arnuwanda.

In Hittite times, the name for the region had been Arzawa, a Luwian-speaking area.

At that time, Pisidia appears to have been part of the region the Hittites called Arzawa.

The cultural ancestors appear to have been associated with or part of the Luwian political entity of Arzawa ; yet Lydian is not part of the Luwian subgroup ( as is Carian and Lycian ).

Known western Anatolian late-Bronze Age regions and / or political entities which, to date, have not been cited as having been part of the Arzawa complex are ;

It is possible that the speakers of Proto-Carian, or the common ancestor of Carian and Lycian, supplied the elites of the Bronze Age kingdom of Arzawa, the population of which partly consisted of Lydians.

These kingdoms, usually termed simply as " lands " in Hittite registers, could have formed part of the Arzawa complex already during the existence of Arzawa kingdom.

After Arzawa becomes an ally of the Hittites, Alexandra, who has come to adore Yuri, spends a great deal of time in the Hittite kingdom and later becomes the love interest for Prince Juda.

Central and southern parts of western Anatolia entered history with the still obscure Luwian kingdom of Arzawa, probably offshoots, as well as neighbors and, after around 1320 BCE, vassals of the Hittite Empire.

However, identification of uqqa with later-attested Lukka ( Lycia ) is problematic, because that would put the Assuwa league both north and south of Arzawa in southwestern Anatolia.

Assuwa appears to lie north of Arzawa, covering the northwestern corner of Anatolia.

* Anatolia ( the Hittite Empire, Assuwa, Arzawa ): Hittite mythology, Hurrian mythology

The Hittites did not use Danaja as did the Egyptians, even though the first Ahhiya reference in " Indictment of Madduwatta " precedes the correspondence between Amenhotep III and one of Madduwatta's subsequent successors in Arzawa, Tarhunta-Radu.

For instance Uhha-Ziti's Arzawa and through him Manapa-Tarhunta's Seha River Land.

Although some scholars equate Myra with the town Mira in Arzawa, there is no proof for the connection.

A Hittite king called Tudhaliya conducted campaigns against Kizzuwatna, Arzawa, Ishuwa, Aleppo, and maybe against Mitanni itself.

* A daughter of Tarhundaradu, ruler of Arzawa.

‘ The Arzawa letters in recent perspective .’ British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 14: 73 – 83.

The core of Arzawa is believed to have been located along the Kestros River ( Küçük Menderes ), with its capital at Apasa later known as Ephesus.

The languages spoken in Arzawa during the Bronze Age and early Iron Age cannot be directly determined due to the paucity of indigenous written sources.