The first European university, the University of Bologna, was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 12th century who were students of the glossator school in Bologna.

According to the Bologna statistics of the European Union, Italian is spoken as a mother tongue by 65 million people in the EU ( 13 % of the EU population ), mainly in Italy, and as a second language by 14 million ( 3 %).

Mortadella Bologna has Protected Geographical Indication status under European Union Law.

* link = European route E45-: Karesuvanto-Karesuando-Arvidsjaur-Östersund-Mora-Säffle-Gothenburg … Frederikshavn – Aalborg – Aarhus – Vejle – Kolding – Flensburg – Hamburg – Hanover – Göttingen – Kassel – Fulda – Würzburg – Nuremberg – Munich – Rosenheim – Wörgl – Innsbruck – Brenner – Fortezza – Bolzano – Trento – Verona – Modena – Bologna – Cesena – Perugia – Fiano Romano – Naples – Salerno – Sicignano degli Alburni – Cosenza – Villa San Giovanni … Messina – Catania – Siracusa – Rosolini-Gela

In many European countries, training in forestry is made in accordance with requirements of the Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area.

Two years later, Bologna tasted a slice of success on the European stage, winning the UEFA Intertoto Cup and playing in the UEFA Cup.

During 18th century many European kings followed and founded their own academy of sciences: in 1714 in Bologna, in 1724 the Russian Academy of Sciences, in 1731 the Royal Dublin Society, in 1735 in Tuscany, in 1739 the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, in 1742 the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, in 1751 the Gottingen Academy of Sciences, in 1754 in Erfurt, in 1759 the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, in 1763 the Academia Theodoro-Palatina in Heidelberg, in 1779 the Sciences Academy of Lisbon, in 1783 the Royal Society of Edinburgh, in 1782 the Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze, in 1784 in Turin.

In the recently standardized European System of higher education ( Bologna process ), a master degree programme normally carries 90-120 ECTS credits, with a minimum requirement of at least 60 ECTS credits at master level ( one-or two-year full-time postgraduate program ) undertaken after at least three years of undergraduate studies.

The law school program is divided following the European standards for university studies ( Bologna process ):

From Bologna the multiple-use name spread to other European cities, such as Rome and London, as well as countries such as Germany, Spain, and Slovenia.

Alma Mater Studiorum (" Nourishing Mother of Studies ") is the motto and original name of the University of Bologna, the oldest continually operating university in the world, and other European universities, such as the Alma Mater Lipsiensis in Leipzig, Germany, have also used the expression in their names.

There are also European science agencies that operate independently of the European Union, such as the European Science Foundation, European Space Agency, and the European Higher Education Area created by the Bologna process.

There is also the National Unions of Students in Europe, a representative student organisation at European level, notably within the Bologna process.

Usage of titles of masters degrees ( in particular the undergraduate masters degrees ) is in continuing flux, not least because of discussions of harmonisation of qualifications within the European Union as part of the Bologna process.

The Bologna Process is a series of ministerial meetings and agreements between European countries designed to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher education qualifications.

Through the Bologna Accords, the process has created the European Higher Education Area, in particular under the Lisbon Recognition Convention.

It is named after the place it was proposed, the University of Bologna, with the signing in 1999 of the Bologna declaration by Education Ministers from 29 European countries.

Before the signing of the Bologna declaration, the Magna Charta Universitatum had been issued at a meeting of university rectors celebrating the 900th anniversary of the University of Bologna – and thus of European universities – in 1988.

During the process of the enlargement of the European Union, the acquis was divided into 31 chapters for the purpose of negotiation between the EU and the candidate member states for the fifth enlargement ( the ten that joined in 2004 plus Romania and Bulgaria which joined in 2007 ).

Those voyages, and his efforts to establish permanent settlements on the island of Hispaniola, initiated the process of Spanish colonization, which foreshadowed the general European colonization of what became known as the " New World ".

The 2006 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy " uses the term ' colonialism ' to describe the process of European settlement and political control over the rest of the world, including Americas, Australia, and parts of Africa and Asia.

As part of the same process, Nguema also ordered the entire population to drop their European names and adopt African ones.

The parties of these MEPs also became full members of the EPP ( with the exception of the British Conservatives who did not join the Party ) and this consolidation process of the European centre-right throughout the ' 90s with the acquisition of members from the Italian Forza Italia.

See " The European Company all over Europe " De Gruyter Recht-Berlin for a general overview of the European process.

Euroscepticism is the body of criticism of the European Union ( EU ), and opposition to the process of political European integration, existing throughout the political spectrum.

Epigram is associated with ' point ' because the European epigram tradition takes the Latin poet Martial as its principal model ; he copied and adapted Greek models ( particularly the contemporary poets Lucillius and Nicarchus ) selectively and in the process redefined the genre, aligning it with the indigenous Roman tradition of ' satura ', hexameter satire, as practised by ( among others ) his contemporary Juvenal.

In French Physiocracy, the main European school of economics before Adam Smith, the productive process is explained as the interaction between participating classes of the population.

The 1991 Council Directive 91 / 477 / EEC started the process of creating a new common legal system for gun owners in the EU, and introduced the European Firearms Pass for owners carrying firearms from one member state to another.

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 to 1991 leaves the United States as the world's single superpower and triggers the fall of the Iron Curtain, the reunification of Germany and an accelerated process of a European integration that is ongoing.

This process included organisations such as the European Coal and Steel Community, which grew and evolved into the European Union, and the Council of Europe.

One of his most notable achievements was to initiate the process of breaking down the preferential White Australia policy by ending the distinction between Asian and European migrants and by permitting skilled Asians to settle with their families.

The process of accession was completed on January 1, 1995, when Finland joined the European Union along with Austria and Sweden.

The empire spent massive sums on Western civilian and military technology to try to modernize and compete with the encroaching European powers, and in the process went deep into debt to these powers.

The ongoing expansion of existing settlements by Israel and the construction of settlement outposts is frequently criticized as an obstacle to the peace process by the Palestinians and third parties, including the United Nations, Russia, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the United States.

However new grievances were being generated by the process of European settlement.

" Person of unsound mind " was the term used in 1950 in the English version of the European Convention on Human Rights as one of the types of person who could be deprived of liberty by a judicial process.

The process has been long-the first action in the EU resulted from a report written for the European Commission in 1993.

Each European capital had an ECA envoy, generally a prominent American businessman, who would advise on the process.

The congress will also adopt a process presented by the socialists as more democratic and transparent for the selection of their candidate for the Presidency of the European Commission in 2014.

A relatively short distance to Vienna facilitates cross-border co-operation and may positively influence the process of European integration.

With European orchestras, the titles of " principal conductor " or " chief conductor " are more common, which designate the conductor who directs the majority of a given orchestra's concerts in a season.

The command directs all USAFE forces engaged in contingency and wartime operations in the United States European Command ( EUCOM ) area of responsibility.

Giussani directs the European activities of TED, the nonprofit organization behind the TED, TEDGlobal and TEDActive annual conferences and the popular online TEDtalks, and is a member of its senior team.