Between 734 and 727 Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria conducted almost annual campaigns in Palestine, reducing Israel, Judah and the Philistine cities to vassalage, receiving tribute from Ammon, Moab and Edom, and absorbing Damascus ( the kingdom of Aram ) into the Assyrian empire.

* Judah III, third-and fourth-century sage

It bears the seal of King Ahaz of Judah, who ruled from 732-716 BC. Another important source regarding the historicity of Ahaz comes from Tiglat Pileser III annals, mentioning tributes and payments he received from Ahaz, king of Judah and Menahem, king of Israel

In c. 732 BCE, Pekah allied with Rezin, king of Aram, threatened Jerusalem, and Ahaz, king of Judah, appealed to Tiglath-Pileser III, the king of Assyria, for help.

Ahaz, king of Judah, appealed to Tiglath-Pileser III, the king of Assyria, for help.

When Pekah allied with Rezin, king of Aram to attack Ahaz, the king of Judah, Ahaz appealed to Tiglath-Pileser III, the king of Assyria, for help.

early 3rd century ), disciple and grandson of Judah haNasi, and son and successor of Gamaliel III as Nasi.

* Judah III ( d. early 4th century ), disciple of Rabbi Johanan bar Nappaha.

Finally, it moved to Tiberias in 193, under the presidency of Gamaliel III ( 193 – 230 ) ben Judah haNasi, where it became more of a consistory, but still retained, under the presidency of Judah II ( 230 – 270 ), the power of excommunication.

* 853 BC: The Battle of Qarqar in which Jerusalem's forces were likely involved in an indecisive battle against Shalmaneser III of Neo-Assyria ( Jehoshaphat of Judah was allied to Ahab of the Israel according to the Bible ).

* c. 740 BC: Assyrian inscriptions record military victories of Tiglath Pileser III over Uzziah of Judah.

* 733 BC: According to the Bible, Jerusalem becomes a vassal of the Neo-Assyrian Empire after Ahaz of Judah appeals to Tiglath Pileser III of the Neo-Assyrian Empire to protect the city from Pekah of Israel and Rezin of Aram.

He was the son and successor of Judah III.

He was son of Gamaliel III, brother of Judah II, and probably a pupil of his grandfather Judah I.

# The full name of Ahaz of Judah, by which he is mentioned in the annals of Tiglath-Pileser III

* Judah III — 4th generation amoraic sage.

: For the Amora sage of the 6th generation, see Judah IV ( Nesi ' ah III ).

Judah III ( or Nesi ' ah II ; Hebrew: יהודה הנשיא ) held the office of Nasi of the ancient Jewish Sanhedrin between 290 and 320 CE.

It is often difficult to know when the Mishna and Talmud are referring to Judah II or Judah III ; they do not clearly distinguish between them.

Rehoboam is reported to have fortified Tekoa along with other cities in Judah in 2 Chronicles 11: 5-6.

Sycamore figs grow at a low elevation, lower than the Tekoa of Judah, which is at a relatively high elevation of 850 metres ( overlooking both Jerusalem and Bethlehem ).

As it is with all nations that rise up against the kingdom of God, even Israel and Judah will not be exempt from the judgment of God because of their idolatry and unjust ways.

# Abijah ( king ) of the Kingdom of Judah, also known as Abijam ( אבים ' aḄiYaM " My Father is Yam "), who was son of Rehoboam and succeeded him on the throne of Judah.

In the traditional literature he is referred to almost exclusively as Rav, " the Master ", ( both his contemporaries and posterity recognizing in him a master ), just as his teacher, Judah I, was known simply as Rabbi.

Biblical scholars believe Bethlehem, located in the " hill country " of Judah, may be the same as the Biblical Ephrath, which means " fertile ", as there is a reference to it in the Book of Micah as Bethlehem Ephratah.

In Hebrew the book is called Divrei Hayyamim ( i. e. " the matters the days "), based on the phrases sefer divrei ha-yamim le-malkhei Yehudah and " sefer divrei ha-yamim le-malkhei Israel " (" book of the days of the kings of Judah " and " book of the days of the kings of Israel "), both of which appear repeatedly in the Books of Kings.

# The remainder of 2 Chronicles ( chapters 10 – 36 ) is a chronicle of the kings of Judah to the time of the Babylonian exile, concluding with the call by Cyrus the Great for the exiles to return to their land.

However, it is also possible to divide the book into three parts rather than four by combining the sections treating David and Solomon, since they both ruled over a combined Judah and Israel, unlike the last section that contains the chronicle of the Davidic kings who ruled the Kingdom of Judah alone.

( The Deuteronomist author may have used the then-recent 701 BCE campaign of the Assyrian king Sennacherib in Judah as his model ; the hanging of the captured kings is in accordance with Assyrian practice of the 8th century ).

God's commission to Joshua in chapter 1 is framed as a royal installation, the people's pledge of loyalty to Joshua as successor Moses recalls royal practices, the covenant-renewal ceremony led by Joshua was the prerogative of the kings of Judah, and God's command to Joshua to meditate on the " book of the law " day and night parallels the description of Josiah in 2 Kings 23: 25 as a king uniquely concerned with the study of the law — not to mention their identical territorial goals ( Josiah died in 609 BCE while attempting to annex the former Israel to his own kingdom of Judah ).

Tattenai, satrap over both Judah and Samaria, writes to Darius warning him that Jerusalem is being rebuilt and advising that the archives be searched to discover the decree of Cyrus.

Letter of Artaxerxes to Ezra ( Artaxerxes ' rescript ): King Artaxerxes is moved by God to commission Ezra " to inquire about Judah and Jerusalem with regard to the Law of your God " and to " appoint magistrates and judges to administer justice to all the people of Trans-Euphrates — all who know the laws of your God.

It is difficult to describe the parties and politics of Judah in this period because of the lack of historical source, but there seem to have been three important groups involved: the returnees from the exile who claimed the reconstruction with the support of Cyrus I ; " the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin "; and a third group, " people of the land ," who seem to be local opposition against the returnees building the Temple in Jerusalem.

Jerusalem is repopulated by the Jews living in the towns and villages of Judah and Benjamin.

Judah is one of several provinces within the larger satrapy ( a large administrative unit ) within the Persian empire.

At his own request Nehemiah is sent to Jerusalem as governor of Yehud, the official Persian name for Judah.

Of notable importance is Isaiah 7: 14, where the prophet is assuring king Ahaz that God will save Judah from the invading armies of Israel and Syria ; the sign that will prove this is the forthcoming birth of a child called Emmanuel, " God With Us ".

The epilogue, in which Judah is assigned a leadership role twice, implies pro-Judah political leanings on the part of the author.

The Bible also calls it Beth-Lehem Judah, and " a city of David ".

A few of the kings of Judah are good, but most are evil, and eventually God destroys this kingdom also.

Further levels of editing have also been proposed, including: a late 8th century edition pointing to Hezekiah of Judah as the model for kingship ; an earlier 8th century version with a similar message but identifying Jehu of Israel as the ideal king ; and an even earlier version promoting the House of David as the key to national well-being.

The theological views that led to its author ( s ) writing the Book of Lamentations emanated from the cultural and religious attitudes of the people of Judah in the 6th and 7th centuries BC and was probably also influenced by non-biblical sources which originated from the cultural and religious attitudes of Judah's neighbors of differing religions.

This theological viewpoint was also widespread among Judah ’ s neighbors of differing religions who believed the destruction of a particular city could be attributed to the city ’ s deity who was punishing the city for some communal sin or wrongdoing.

" And this is not just a warning or speaking positively of the destruction of Ninevah, it is also a positive encouragement and " message of comfort for Israel, Judah, and others who had experienced the " endless cruelty " ( 3: 19 ) of the Assyrians.

This most likely applies to King Solomon, but may also refer to his successors as the Bible referred to Judah as Israel in Kings / Chronicles for example.

The most famous golem narrative involves Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the late 16th century chief rabbi of Prague, also known as the Maharal, who reportedly created a golem to defend the Prague ghetto from antisemitic attacks and pogroms.

Sayce and other scholars also mention that Judah and the Hittites were never enemies in the Hebrew texts ; in the Book of Kings, they supplied the Israelites with cedar, chariots, and horses, as well as being a friend and allied to Abraham in the Book of Genesis.

This practice was also followed by the united kingdom of Israel ( e. g. ), kingdom of Judah ( e. g. ), kingdom of Israel ( e. g. ), Persia ( e. g. ) and others.

Assyrian records claim he punished Judah and then left ( Herodotus also described the invasion ).

Hezekiah (;, Ezekias, in the Septuagint ; ; also transliterated as Ḥizkiyyahu or Ḥizkiyyah ) was the son of Ahaz and the 14th king of Judah.

He is also one of the most prominent kings of Judah mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.

Judah the Prince, (, Yehudah HaNasi ) or Judah I, also known as Rabbi or Rabbenu HaQadosh (, " our Master, the holy one "), was a 2nd-century CE rabbi and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah.

Rabbi Judah HaNasi also said, " One who is ignorant of the Torah should not eat meat.

He was attended by Ahaziah, the king of Judah, who was also his nephew ( f ) Jehu slew Jehoram and became king himself.

Omri's rule over Israel was secure enough that he could bequeath his kingdom to Ahab, thus beginning a new dynasty ( sometimes called the Omrides ), and his descendants not only ruled over the kingdom of Israel for the next forty years, but also briefly over Judah.

This psalm can obviously be seen as referring to a particular king of Judah, but has also been understood of the awaited Messiah.

Solomon ( Šlomo ;, also colloquially: ; Solomōn ), according to the Book of Kings and the Book of Chronicles, a King of Israel and according to the Talmud one of the 48 prophets, is identified as the son of David, also called Jedidiah ( Hebrew ) in 2 Samuel 12: 25, and is described as the third king of the United Monarchy, and the final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah split ; following the split his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone.