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As Ndebele moved into Transvaal, the remnants of the Venda retreated north to the Waterberg and Zoutpansberg, while Mzilikazi made his chief kraal north of the Magaliesberg mountains near present day Pretoria, with an important military outpost to guard trade routes to the north at Mosega, not far from the site of the modern town of Zeerust.
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Ndebele and into
In the late 19th century, hostilities broke out between the Shona inhabitants of Botswana and Ndebele tribes who were migrating into the territory from the Kalahari Desert.
In a Ndebele tale, the hippo originally had long, beautiful hair but was set on fire by a jealous hare and had to jump into a nearby pool.
It is a translation of 19th century South African schoolteacher Enoch Sontonga's popular African hymn Nkosi Sikelel ' iAfrika ( God Bless Africa ) into Zimbabwe's native Shona and Ndebele languages.
Rhodesia was named after Cecil Rhodes, the British empire-builder who was one of the most important figures in British expansion into southern Africa, and who obtained mineral rights in 1888 from the most powerful local traditional leaders through treaties such as the Rudd Concession and the Moffat Treaty signed by King Lobengula of the Ndebele.
Shortly after the disastrous Jameson Raid of the BSAP into the Transvaal Republic, the Ndebele were led by their spiritual leader Mlimo against the white colonials and thus began the Second Matabele War ( 1896 – 97 ) which resulted in the extermination of nearly half of the British settlers.
After months of bloodshed, Mlimo was found and shot by the American scout Frederick Russell Burnham and soon thereafter Rhodes walked unarmed into the Ndebele stronghold in Matobo Hills and persuaded the impi to lay down their arms, effectively ending the revolt.
The Land Apportionment Act of 1930 divided the colony's land into three areas characterised by tribes: zones where white, Shona or Ndebele could own property ; and zones which were held in trust for indigenous peoples on a collective basis ( called " tribal trust lands " per 1965 statute and " communal areas " per 1981 statute );.
Shortly after learning of the assassination of Mlimo at the hands of the American scout Frederick Russell Burnham, Cecil Rhodes showed great courage when he boldly walked unarmed into the Ndebele stronghold in Matobo Hills and persuaded the impi to lay down their arms, thus bringing the war to a close in October 1896.
Later that year there was a factional split along tribal lines caused the Ndebele to follow Sithole into the moderate ZANU – Ndonga party, who renounced violent struggle, while the Shona followed Mugabe with a more militant agenda.
The largest groups in Zimbabwe identify themselves as Shona, others as Ndebele with the remainder falling into categories like the Tonga, Shangani, Venda, Sotho in Gwanda, Kalanga etc.
ZANLA fighters were well known for their savagery when it came to dealing with Ndebele civilians who were usually taken into what were called overnight bases and forced to sing songs in Shona denouncing ZAPU and its leader Joshua Nkomo.
Ndebele and Transvaal
The Southern Transvaal Ndebele occupied the river valley, which was to become the location of the city of Pretoria, by around 1600.
After a brief alliance with the Transvaal Ndebele, Mzilikazi became leader of the Ndebele people.
As the Ndebele conquered the Transvaal they absorbed many members of the conquered Sotho-Tswana and other tribes and established a military despotism.
After the retreat of Mzilikazi's Ndebele, many Boer farmers trekked across the Vaal and occupied parts of the Transvaal, bringing with them the laws of their Dutch forebears.
Armed conflict, first with the Ndebele people under Mzilikazi in the area which was to become the Transvaal, then against the Zulus under Dingane, went the Voortrekkers ' way, mostly because of their tactics, their horsemanship and the effectiveness of their muzzle-loading guns.
Nguni languages include Xhosa, Zulu, Swati, Hlubi, Phuthi and Ndebele ( both Southern Transvaal Ndebele and Northern Ndebele ).
The Boers began to arrive in Transvaal in 1836, and after several confrontations over the next two years the Ndebele suffered heavy losses.
Ndebele and remnants
Into these areas, still partly populated by remnants of the Ndebele and Sotho-Tswana, there was also a considerable immigration of members of the various Sotho-Tswana chiefdoms who had fled during the Difaqane.
Ndebele and Venda
43. 8 % spoke Zulu, 10. 8 % Northern Sotho, 8. 8 % Xhosa, 6. 9 % Tswana, 5. 7 % English, 4. 8 % Venda, 4. 7 % Southern Ndebele, 4. 7 % Sotho, 3. 6 % Tsonga, 2. 2 % Afrikaans, 1. 2 % Swazi and 2. 9 % some other language as their first language.
The Ndebele people are an agglomeration of Zulus led by Mzilikazi, Sotho, Kalanga, Venda, Tonga and other tribes normally referred to as minorities by the government.
The languages spoken are Kalanga, Sotho, Tonga, Venda, Ndebele and other dialects of the aforementioned.
It incorporates all of South Africa's 11 national languages, including Afrikaans, English, Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele, Sesotho, Northern Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana and Venda.
The Republic has eleven official languages ( Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu ) and affords official recognition to several other languages spoken by ethnic minorities.
South Africa has eleven official languages: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu.
The Nile crocodile is called timsah al-nil in Arabic, mamba in Swahili, garwe in Shona, ngwenya in Ndebele, ngwena in Venda, kwena in Sotho and Tswana.
Namely: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu.
47. 6 % spoke English, 23. 7 % Afrikaans, 10. 9 % Zulu, 4. 7 % Sotho, 3. 1 % Tswana, 3. 0 % Xhosa, 2. 9 % Northern Sotho, 1. 1 % Tsonga, 0. 6 % Venda, 0. 3 % Swazi, 0. 3 % Southern Ndebele and 1. 7 % some other language as their first language.
71. 7 % spoke English, 7. 5 % Afrikaans, 5. 9 % Zulu, 4. 4 % Tswana, 2. 9 % Sotho, 2. 0 % Venda, 2. 0 % Xhosa, 0. 5 % Northern Sotho, 0. 5 % Swazi, 0. 5 % Southern Ndebele and 2. 4 % some other language as their first language.
65. 5 % spoke English, 7. 8 % Zulu, 6. 0 % Tswana, 5. 0 % Northern Sotho, 3. 1 % Afrikaans, 2. 4 % Xhosa, 2. 1 % Sotho, 1. 7 % Venda, 1. 7 % Tsonga, 0. 8 % Southern Ndebele.
38. 6 % spoke Afrikaans, 37. 5 % English, 4. 9 % Tswana, 4. 8 % Northern Sotho, 3. 1 % Sotho, 2. 0 % Zulu, 1. 9 % Southern Ndebele, 1. 2 % Tsonga, 0. 7 % Xhosa, 0. 5 % Venda, 0. 4 % Swazi and 4. 5 % some other language as their first language.
Ndebele and north
Ndebele incursions from the north ( from what is now Zimbabwe ), Boer and " mixed " trekkers from the south, and German colonialists from the West, all hoping to the seize his territory and its hinterlands.
Going north and then inland westward along the watershed between the Vaal and the Limpopo River, Mzilikazi and his followers, the AmaNdebele, ( called Matabele in English ) established an Ndebele state northwest of the city of Pretoria.
Ndebele and while
In 1834, the Ndebele people arrived while fleeing from the Zulu leader Shaka, making the area their new empire, Matabeleland.
In the earlier parts of its history, the Rhodesian Ridgeback has also been known as Van Rooyen's Lion Dog, the African Lion Hound or African Lion Dog — Simba Inja in Ndebele, Shumba Imbwa in Shona — because of its ability to distract a lion while awaiting its master to make the kill.
In Chiredzi District, there are communities of Shangani people while those of the Ndebele are found on the western edge of the province.
In the end Zwide ordered Matshobana to be executed, while Mzilikazi became a lieutenant of Shaka Zulu before leaving him to form the Ndebele kingdom in what is now Zimbabwe.
Ndebele and Mzilikazi
Andries Hendrik Potgieter, after the flight of the Ndebele, issued a proclamation in which he declared the country which Mzilikazi had abandoned and forfeited to the emigrant farmers, but also denying land rights to the Sotho-Tswana who had saved him and assisted in the defeat of Mzilikazi and the Ndebele.
Life under Lobengula was less strict than it had been under Mzilikazi, although the Ndebele retained their habit of raiding their neighbours.
In the late 1830s, some 20, 000 Ndebele, descendants of the Zulus in South Africa and led by Mzilikazi Khumalo, invaded the Kalanga Rozwi Empire.
This period, known locally as the Mfecane ( crushing ) was characterised by devastation and murder on a grand scale as Mzilikazi removed all opposition and remodelled the territory to suit the new Ndebele order.
In 1836, the Voortrekkers fought off the local people of Ndebele Chief Mzilikazi at Vegkop near here.
Matshobana, son of chief Mangete, was the chief of the Khumalo tribe: a clan of Nguni people living near the Black Umfolozi river in kwaZulu, in South Africa, and was the father of Mzilikazi the founder of the Ndebele ( Matabele ) kingdom in Zimbabwe.
This is because the Ndebele people of Zimbabwe descend from followers of the Zulu leader Mzilikazi, who left KwaZulu in the early nineteenth century during the Mfecane.
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