As Taddesse Tamrat explains, at the time " his own death in the conflict, and the military reverses of the kingdom were taken as divine retribution for the sufferings of Abuna Petros.

Taddesse Tamrat has speculated that one effect of Gudit's otherwise ephemeral rule, might be the pockets of various languages related to Amharic scattered across southwestern Ethiopia ( e. g. Argobba, Gurage and Gafat ), which could have been Axumite military settlements isolated by her conquests and later Sidamo migrations.

One tradition credits this practice to the Zagwe king Yemrehana Krestos, who is said to have received the idea in a dream ; Taddesse Tamrat discredits this tradition, arguing that the records of the Zagwe dynasty betray too many disputed successions for this to have been the case.

Taddesse Tamrat argues that this practice began in the reign of Wedem Arad, following the struggle for succession that he believes lies behind the series of brief reigns of the sons of Yagbe ' u Seyon.

Abbink, Kay K. Shelemay, Taddesse Tamrat and James A. Quirin as supporters of this hypothesis.

The historian Taddesse Tamrat sees in the existing accounts of this act an attempt by later writers to justify the seniority of the monastery in Lake Hayq over the followers of Tekle Haymanot.

Many traditions hold that Tekle Haymanot played a significant role in Yekuno Amlak's ascension as the restored monarch of the Solomonic dynasty, following two centuries of rule by the Zagwe dynasty, although historians like Taddesse Tamrat believe these are later inventions.

* Biography of Takla Haymanot by Taddesse Tamrat for The Dictionary of Ethiopian Biography

Taddesse Tamrat locates Bale south of the Shebelle River, which separated the kingdom from Dawaro to the north and Adal to the northeast ; Richard Pankhurst adds that its southern boundary was the Ganale Dorya River.

" Unlike the practice of later rulers of Ethiopia, Taddesse Tamrat argues that under the Zagwe dynasty the order of succession was that of brother succeeding brother as king, based on the Agaw laws of inheritance.

The name of the last Zagwe king is lost — the surviving chronicles and oral traditions give his name as Za-Ilmaknun, which is clearly a pseudonym ( Taddesse Tamrat translates it as " The Unknown, the hidden one "), employed soon after his reign by the victorious Solomonic rulers in an act of damnatio memoriae.

Taddesse Tamrat believes that this last ruler was actually Yetbarak.

According to research by the historian Taddesse Tamrat, the order of succession during the Zagwe dynasty was that of brother succeeding brother as King of Ethiopia ( i. e., agnatic seniority ), which apparently was based on Agaw laws of inheritance.

Taddesse Tamrat reports that he found a contemporary note written in a manuscript now kept in the island monastery of Lake Hayq, which mentions that in 1309 AM ( AD 1316 / 1317 ), Emperor Amda Seyon successfully campaigned against the Muslim kingdoms of Damot and Hadiya.

Taddesse Tamrat points to another document which dates Amda Seyon's 18th regnal year to 498 Year of Grace, which confirms that the year 516 in The Glorious Victories is correct and that the campaigns took place in AD 1332.

Taddesse Tamrat also notes that he had a Syrian secretary from a Christian family of Damascus, who helped him keep in close touch with events in the Middle East.

a. Taddesse Tamrat notes that, according to Jules Perruchon, Tekula literally means " jackal ," while Qeste-Nihb means " the sting of the bee.

d. According to Taddesse Tamrat, though the royal chronicle describes Amda Seyon as being armed with a sword, the chronicler only refers to the Emperors skill with the bow and arrow, spear, and shield ; Taddesse further notes in a footnote that swords seem to only be used in a ceremonial manner in contemporary hagiographies.

e. According to Taddesse Tamrat, from traditional indications in the hagiography of Abiye Igzi '.

* Taddesse Tamrat.

Taddesse Tamrat records a tradition he heard from an aged priest in Lalibela that " Kaleb was a man of Lasta and his palace was at Bugna where it is known that Gebre Mesqel Lalibela had later established his centre.

According to Taddesse Tamrat, he was the son of Jan Seyum, the brother of Tatadim.

Professor Taddesse Tamrat believes Ifat's borders included Fatagar, Dawaro and Bale.

Ethiopian government spokeswoman Selome Taddesse said that about 140 people were killed and large numbers at least temporarily displaced.

" Young continues, " Indicative of the scale of the problem, during a peace and development conference held in Assosa in June 1996, the then deputy prime minister, Tamrat Layne, dismissed the entire regional government and had many of its members imprisoned for corruption.

Most of the lyrics on this CD were written by Habtamu Bogale, and the melodies of six tracks were composed by Tamrat.

Tadesse Tamrat believes that the primary sources mask Yeshaq's death in battle against the Muslims.

There are many music composers in P ' ent ' ay church like Christian Girma ( currently living in Denver, Colorado ), Abenezer Girma, Enku Girma, Nathnael Befikadu, Biruk Bedru, Daniel Ewnetu, Bereket Tesfaye, Samson Tamrat, Yabets Tesema, Ameha Mekonen, Endalkachew Hawaz, Estifanos Mengistu, and there are countless church music players.

Tamrat Desta ( born 1978 ) is an Ethiopian singer and vocalist.

* A conversation with Tamrat Desta by AddisLive. com ( audio file )

The Ethiopian historian Tadesse Tamrat speculates that they may have been connected with the anti-Monophysite and anti-Miaphysite persecutions that followed the Council of Chalcedon, which adopted Dyophysitism.

Another author, Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret, writes that Louis XV's tarnished reputation was created fifteen years after his death, to justify the French Revolution, and that the nobility during his reign were competent.

Josephus writes that she reigned for twenty-one years and nine months, while Africanus states her reign lasted twenty-two years, both of whom were quoting Manetho.

This information validates the basic reliability of Manetho's kinglist records since Hatshepsut's known accession date was I Shemu day 4, ( i. e.: Hatshepsut died 9 months into her 22nd year as king, as Manetho writes in his Epitome for a reign of 21 years and 9 months ).

Pausanias ( 1. 12. 4 ) writes that during the reign of Aras, the first earth-born king of Sicyonian land, Asopus, said to be son of Poseidon by Celusa ( this Celusa otherwise unknown but possibly identical to Pero mentioned above?

In the Gesta Regum Anglorum of around 1125, William of Malmesbury records that Gawain's grave had been uncovered in Pembrokeshire during the reign of William the Conqueror, and writes that the great nephew of Arthur had been driven from his kingdom by Hengest's brother, though he continued to harry them severely.

Pius seems to have given him no military experience ; the biographer writes that Marcus spent the whole of Pius ' twenty-three-year reign at his emperor's side — and not in the provinces, where most previous emperors had spent their early careers.

Grant puts this into perspective and writes that it is notable that Robert III's reign could have been worse compared to the turmoil and violence experienced in England and France when ruled by weak kings — even on Robert ’ s death, Scotland didn ’ t descend into open civil war but was restricted to positioning among the royal family and its magnate groupings.

Under the pen name Fiona Buckley she writes the series of historical mysteries, set in the reign of Elizabeth I of England, featuring " Ursula Blanchard " ( whose full name is Ursula Faldene Blanchard de la Roche Stannard ).

" The events of Johannes ' reign are as shadowy as its origins ," writes John Matthews, who then provides a list of the ruler's known actions in a paragraph.

As he writes in his English adaptation Sound and Symbol in Chinese ( 1923 ), Chapter I: " Thus, though Chinese traditions give no hint whatever of an immigration from any foreign country, and though there consequently is no external chronological point d ' appui, we are nonetheless able to state, from internal evidence, that the Chinese tradition which places the reign of the emperor Yao in the twenty-fourth century B. C.

" A common account of his reign is provided by J. Spencer Trimingham, who writes that his acts favoring Islam were

Roger Collins writes that Athanagild's reign " is perhaps more significant than our sources may care to let us believe.

He writes: " Chapman's was just the kind of daredevil approach that is remembered with affection and, even though it was barely a year since he had lost the leadership, his reign was being regarded through rose-coloured specs.

Spence traces it back to the reign of Richard II, Leadam claims there is no record of the Court's existence before 1493, Pollard writes ( based on documents discovered after Leadam's work ) that it was in existence from at least 1465, while Alexander writes that it first appeared during the reign of the House of York, and Kleineke states that it was created in 1485 by Richard III.

For the years 600 to 627 the author writes as a contemporary historian-that is, through the last years of emperor Maurice, the reign of Phocas, and the first seventeen years of the reign of Heraclius.

Throughout the almanack, Gervase writes of his stay in Greenwich Park during the tenth year of Audrey Scuttle's reign as Starwife.

Rochester writes Sodom, or the Quintessence of Debauchery, a scathing satire of the King's reign, which he claims is indeed " a testament to Charles " — just what the King had asked for.

As Procopius writes: " as soon as he learned what had happened to Amalasuntha, being in the ninth year of his reign, he entered upon war.

Edward Gibbon writes in the History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire that the first act of Sigeric's reign " was the inhuman murder " of Ataulf's six children from a former marriage " whom he tore, without pity, from the feeble arms of a venerable bishop.

Charles Morris writes that, during Wamba's reign: